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The Dark Side of USB-C: Brace Yourself for iPhone 15 Cable Confusion

Commentary: USB-C’s versatility in charging and data transfer brings complications that millions of customers will now get to experience firsthand.

I love USB-C, the data and charging port I first encountered in my 2016 MacBook Pro that’s now spread to almost every device in my life.

I wanted a USB-C iPhone in 2018, back when Apple first added that tech to the iPad Pro. I grew more optimistic in 2021, when Apple spread USB-C to lower-end iPads. And though I’m skeptical that regulation is the best way to direct product development, I’m not displeased that the European Union has now pushed Apple toward USB-C. Charging everything with USB-C is great for me.

But here’s the bad news: Millions of people likely to enter the USB-C ecosystem will encounter the technology’s ugly side, too, with the iPhone 15 line, expected to be announced on Sept. 12.

The utility and flexibility of USB-C are tainted by confusion over just what the heck comes along with that USB-C port on the side of a device and the cable you plug into it. In short, it’s not always obvious whether your device or cable supports high-speed data transfer, high electrical power for fast charging, both, or neither. 

See also: Apple’s Sept. 12 Wonderlust Event: How to Tune In and What to Expect

If the rumors are right, the iPhone 15 will ship with a USB-C port and charging cable that’ll give customers a taste of the trouble. That cable reportedly will be fine for charging but will transfer data at a mere 480 megabytes per second, the poky speed that arrived with the USB 2.0 standard from 2000.

For most folks, the problem is likely to be merely an inconvenience. But it reflects the difficulties of the vast USB ecosystem, where the pressure to keep costs low is fierce and certification isn’t required. USB-C is a much faster, more useful connection technology than the Apple Lightning port iPhone users have had since 2012, but Apple customers will have to endure some pain leaving the cozy Lightning world.

Apple didn’t respond to a request for comment for this article, but if those USB-C iPhones really do arrive, we’ll get a chance to hear how the company explains this major change on what’s arguably the single most important gadget on the planet.

The triple whammy USB mess

Part of the problem with USB is that the term actually refers to three separate standards. Let me explain.

The original standard, Universal Serial Bus, governs how devices identify themselves and send data across a connection. USB arrived in 1996 with a top speed of 12Mbps, but USB 2.0 was much more useful at 480Mbps, enough for printers and thumb drives. The first big speed jump after that was USB 3.0 in 2008 at 5 gigabits per second, better for external hard drives. Successors hit 10Gbps, 20Gbps, and most recently 40Gbps with USB 4. The upcoming USB 4 version 2 should reach 80Gbps. That’s good for high-performance storage systems, fast networks, and big, high-resolution monitors.

The next standard is USB-C, which refers only to the oval-shaped connector technology. Earlier in USB-C’s history, it was common for Android phones to support only slow USB 2.0 data transfer speeds, though that problem has faded with newer models. The newest USB standard, USB 4.0, requires USB-C ports, so as time goes by, it’ll be fairer to equate USB-C with high speed.

Last is USB PD, short for Power Delivery, which governs how USB is used for charging at rates up to 240W. Most devices don’t require that much power, but they do need to know how to negotiate electrical matters — for example, whether a portable battery should charge your laptop or vice versa.

A compact USB-C charging cable with dark gray aluminum cable ends on one side and a keychain loop at the other. The cable rests across three fingers of a person's hand.

Having three standards — USB, USB-C and USB PD — makes it harder to understand the abilities of all your devices and cables.

Worse, plenty of device manufacturers trying to cut costs and quickly ship products skip the certification process that the USB Implementers Forum offers. Unlike with Intel’s Thunderbolt, which developed the fast data transfer approach in modern USB, there’s no requirement to pass tests.

Low costs fuel USB-C’s problems

Nobody wants to spend $60 instead of $15 for a USB cable. But be careful: You get what you pay for, roughly. It’s more expensive to build cables that support high-speed data or high-power charging. One rule of thumb: Cables billed as «charging cables» in my experience don’t bother with the extra cost of high-speed data support. That includes the USB-C cables Apple itself shipped with MacBooks for several years.

One affordable cable I saw billed itself as a USB 4 product, but on deeper inspection, it turned out to support only USB 2.0 data transfer. Either the manufacturer was confused, lying, or trying to argue that the cable would work in a USB 4 port even if it only supported slow data rates. (USB’s good backward compatibility means slower, older products generally still work fine when attached to newer ones.)

I haven’t struggled too much with the slow cable problem. Mostly I use USB-C for charging, and my devices that need fast connections stay attached to their own fast cables.

But problems can happen. A couple of months ago, when I got a new Canon mirrorless camera, I was caught on a trip with slow cables that really bogged down the process of transferring photos to my laptop.

When USB-C is a problem and when it’s not

The good news for future iPhone owners is that most of them won’t have to care much about whether they have a slow cable.

Data rates were more important in the olden days when we used iTunes to sync music and photos between laptops and iPhones. Even as photo and video files have exploded in size with 50-megapixel phone cameras and 4K video, most of us get that data off our phones with mobile networks, Wi-Fi and AirDrop, not with cables.

That’s the big reason Apple could mostly justify shipping an iPhone 15 with a USB 2.0 cable.

Now, for serious data hogs, the kind of person who’s shooting many gigabytes of 4K ProRes video, a faster cable is useful. Indeed, it’s one reason I’ve been annoyed with the Lightning port on my iPhone. Those customers will, I hope, generally be discriminating enough to find a high-quality cable for their needs — or, if rumors are correct, just use the faster cable that Apple will ship with iPhone Pro models.

I prefer buying USB-C products that passed USB-IF’s compliance testing. I look for the USB-IF certifications, and I love it when companies like Plugable attach clear descriptive labels so we don’t have to decode USB-IF icons. (And most products don’t even have icons.)

A close-up view of the USB-C and Lightning connectors at the ends of an Apple charging cable.

But if you’re nervous about doing the product comparisons yourself, you can always let Apple sales staff steer you to higher-end Apple USB-C accessories that generally work well together even if they’re often more expensive than third-party products.

USB-C transition less painful than Lightning

There was plenty of kvetching when Apple switched to the Lightning port, even though it was clear Lightning was superior to the bulky, fragile 30-pin connector that preceded it. I’m expecting more complaints with the iPhone’s USB-C switch as people discover that all those cables they have stashed in glove boxes, office desks, school backpacks and bedside tables have become obsolete.

But the good news is that USB-C is already very well established, and not just on MacBooks and many iPads. The oval-shaped connector is on modern Android phones, Windows laptops, Nintendo Switch gaming consoles, iPad Pro and Air tablets, Sony noise-canceling headphones and countless other devices. There’s a good chance a lot of us already have some spare USB-C cables lying around.

When I talk to USB-IF executives about the USB-C’s labeling problems, they assure me that most people don’t notice any sort of bother, and that the gradually maturing technology will mean incompatibilities and product shortcomings eventually will slip into the back of our collective junk drawers.

I hope so. For me, the flexibility and power of USB-C is well worth the pain. But I do wish there wasn’t so much pain.

Technologies

Oura’s CEO Has Some Chill Advice for Avoiding Health-Tracking Anxiety

For the leading smart ring maker, «calm tech» seems to be the winning strategy.

When I sit down with Oura’s CEO, Tom Hale, in a quiet wooden booth on the outskirts of the Web Summit technology conference in Lisbon, I notice that he’s wearing two smart rings. Is he conducting competitor analysis? No, it turns out. Both of the rings are his own company’s devices.

One, he explains, is his personal ring, which contains all his data from the past four years. The second is linked to his beta account and shows him what’s coming in the next software update.

For Hale, wearing two rings that run two sets of software allows him to be plugged into every minuscule variation in data. This type of hyperfocus, essential for his job with the world’s leading smart ring maker, enables him to understand the ever-evolving experience of Oura customers before they do. 

But being on high alert is not what he wants for the rest of us. Quite the opposite, in fact.

«Our philosophy very much is about being in the background,» says Hale. «We think of ourselves as calm tech.» 


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Calm tech is a departure from the majority of other wearable devices on the market, and it seems to be resonating. Over the past year, smart rings, which primarily measure activity and sleep, have surged in popularity, with sales more than doubling to 1.8 million units in 2024, and expected to hit around 4 million units this year, according to Omdia

Many of us are choosing them over the best fitness trackers. Smart rings accounted for 75% of all fitness tracker revenue in the US this year, up from 46% the previous year, according to Circana

Unlike standard fitness trackers, smart rings can’t provide real-time feedback, stats and coaching on your wrist. Instead, they record and synthesize your activity and sleep data for viewing on your phone at a later time. That’s enough for most people. The trade-off is especially worth it for those of us who want to nurture a less anxious attachment style to our personal tech and prioritize a real-world focus. 

The majority of other wearables on the market aren’t conducive to this «passive» relationship. Smartwatches — and, for the most part, smart glasses — are body-worn screens, contributing to the ever-increasing and omnipresent information overload that tech subjects us to.

Easing health tech anxiety

Smart rings are, by their very nature, screen-free devices, and Oura wants to keep it that way. The Oura Ring 4 doesn’t include any flashing lights and indicators (it does have LEDs on the inside for measuring heart rate and blood oxygen). That decision was geared toward maintaining peace of mind, according to Hale.

«A lot of the most engaging and demanding applications are ones notifying you and creating anxiety where it doesn’t need to be there,» he says. «‘Oh, your heart rate’s elevated. You’re dying.’ Who needs that message? I don’t need that message.»

I don’t need it either. I’m far from alone in feeling that unfettered health tracking can quickly descend into an anxiety-inducing nightmare that causes more harm than good. Obsessing over not getting enough sleep has been known to induce insomnia. Intensive calorie tracking can cause people to disregard their bodies’ signals and ignore hunger cues.

This, Hale tells me, is what Oura strives to avoid. When the company introduced meal tracking into its app earlier this year, it was careful about how it framed the feedback, focusing on «gentle» advice.

The feature allows you to upload a picture of your food and input a brief description, before it’s scanned by AI and given a rating: nutritious, good, fair or limited. I raise my eyebrow at the inclusion of «good» as a rating. It could read as assigning a moral value to the food you’ve eaten. But Oura chose not to include a «bad» rating, which takes some of the sting out of it.

Oura also tries to steer people away from focusing on assigning a numerical value to their food, «which I think lends itself to sort of obsessive behaviors,» says Hale. You can see caloric intake if you wish, but Oura also offers a switch to let you turn off any mention of calories.

«For some people, counting calories is really triggering,» says Hale. «We try to be very sensitive to that, because we don’t want to create an unhealthy relationship with it, and we don’t want to shame people.»

For Oura customers to get the most out of their ring and subscription, Hale’s No. 1 tip is not to put too much value on a single health metric, but instead to take a holistic approach to the information to guide their actions. (Oura provides data on 40 different activities under its $6/£6 per month fee. By contrast, the Samsung Ring offers more limited tracking, free of charge.)

Hale says the company is not focused on measuring bodies. «We’re in the behavior-change business,» he says. 

In the case of food, this might work by observing how your body reacts to what you’re eating and then examining how that reaction intersects with other factors, such as whether you’re rested, stressed or have exercised earlier that day.

Hale shows me a picture of the Portuguese flan he’d eaten the night before while in Lisbon. «Shocker,» he says, «look at my blood sugar spike.» 

There’s nothing wrong with having the flan — it certainly doesn’t seem to have subdued Hale, who is animated and full of energy throughout our conversation. But seeing the impact of a rich, sugar-heavy meal late in the evening after a busy day at a tech event might help you understand how you feel, or even nudge you into eating differently the next day to balance things out.

‘It’s going to be OK’

Oura’s goal is to build context around why your body might be behaving a certain way, and increasingly, provide personalized, generative AI support via an LLM-powered chatbot that you can talk to about injuries and offer tailored advice. This, too, can help relieve any stress you might be feeling about your health, says Hale.

«One of the things that we try to do is strike a supportive tone in the AI, to kind of be like: ‘You had a bad night’s sleep, but it’s going to be OK.'» he says.

The AI Oura Advisor, which the company launched in summer 2024, can prompt the kind of behavior change Hale wants for Oura customers, such as suggesting you take a walk after a heavy meal to aid digestion. It even takes into account one frequently overlooked element of long-term health — social connection — and will prompt you to spend time with friends and family. 

Over the past few years, there has been an explosion in longevity culture, with people investing money in products and services, like supplements and wellness services, that promise to extend their life and health spans. 

The «moral hazard» of these products, says Hale, is that there’s no accountability. «If it works, great,» he says. «If it doesn’t work, you’re not gonna call me. You know why? Because you’re dead.»

Oura doesn’t exclude itself entirely from the conversation around longevity. Back in May, it released an ad that Hale calls «cheeky,» featuring older adults wearing Oura rings and living their best lives. But it didn’t promise we’d all become centenarians.

«Our premise is not: Hey, buy our supplement because you want to live forever,» says Hale. «Our premise is: Change your behavior today to make healthy choices, because then you’ll live a better life.»

It’s a convincing pitch, which might explain why Oura surpassed 5.5 million total rings sold back in September, putting it on track to hit $1 billion in revenue for the first time this year. According to the latest stats shared by the International Data Corporation, published in 2024, the company boasted an 80% market share.

Last month, the company scored a «decisive victory» in a patent infringement lawsuit against two of its competitors, Ringconn and Ultrahuman. So when Hale tells me he doesn’t test rivals’ rings «as much as he used to» because they’re «copying us,» I know it’s more than bravado.

Thanks to its intellectual property and growing troves of health data that enable it to refine its software, Oura has a clear competitive advantage in this rapidly growing market.

«I’m looking not for other things that other people are doing,» Hale says. «I’m looking for the stuff that we should do that’s really innovative.»

Disclosure: Katie Collins traveled to Lisbon as a guest of Web Summit to serve as a panel moderator. Her reporting from the event was independent of that role.

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Technologies

The Final Supermoon of 2025 Is December’s Cold Moon

It’ll be earning its name as temperatures across the US are expected to be lower than average.

Your last chance to see a supermoon in 2025 is approaching quickly. December’s full moon is scheduled to appear on Dec. 4, exactly one week after Thanksgiving. Even if you don’t make plans to see it, you’ll probably see it anyway, as it’ll be the brightest thing in the night sky.


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December’s Cold Moon is the third of four consecutive supermoons and the last one of 2025. Supermoons tend to come in packs of four thanks to how the moon orbits the Earth. The orbit is elliptical, meaning the moon is closer during some months and farther away in others. When it’s close to Earth, it’s referred to as perigee, and full moons during perigee are considered supermoons. 

Since it is closer, the moon will be slightly bigger and brighter in the night sky. According to NASA, a supermoon is 14% larger and 33% brighter than a micro moon, which occurs during full moons when the moon is at its farthest point from Earth, a phenomenon known as apogee. Thus, it is the best time to view a full moon outside of special events like blood moons or lunar eclipses.

When is December’s full moon?

The Farmer’s Almanac reports that December’s full moon will take place on the evening of Dec. 4. It’ll reach peak illumination at 6:14 p.m. ET. Thanks to the recent daylight saving time change, it should be dark enough to see for most of the US, but if it isn’t, it’ll remain full all night. Those who can’t see it due to the weather can see a moon that is more than 90% full from Dec. 2-6. 

You won’t need any special equipment to see the moon, as it’ll be the brightest thing in the night sky by a wide margin. Those who want to see more detail can certainly use a telescope or binoculars if they choose, which will make the moon’s various craters and textures easier to see. 

December’s full moon is often referred to as the Cold Moon, as it typically occurs when the weather starts to become quite chilly. The moon is earning its name this time around, as a polar vortex is scheduled to hit the US during Thanksgiving and will stick around for a while afterward. The polar vortex will drive down temperatures in much of the US during the week of Dec. 1, so if you do go outside, make sure to bundle up. 

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Technologies

Anthropic’s New Claude Opus 4.5 AI Model Is Designed for Coding and Office Work

The new reasoning model can also power the Claude for Chrome AI browser extension.

Anthropic’s newest version of its most powerful generative AI model could upend how you manage your spreadsheets. The company said Claude Opus 4.5, announced Monday, is aimed at things you do on the job, like coding and office work.

Google unveiled its powerful new Gemini 3 model last week, and OpenAI released GPT-5.1 the week before. Now it’s Anthropic’s turn. The company, which is popular with businesses and software workers, said Opus 4.5 is focused on getting work done, not generating content.

Claude Opus 4.5 will be available everywhere and will be a default model for Pro (starting at $17/month), Max (starting at $100/month) and Enterprise users.

Opus 4.5 is built to produce documents, spreadsheets and presentations and can automate menial office tasks by using your computer and browser. That includes its deployment in Claude for Chrome, a browser extension that lets Claude do internet tasks for Max users.

This release puts all three Claude models in the 4.5 generation. Anthropic released Sonnet 4.5, its midlevel model, in September and Haiku 4.5, its smallest model, in October.

Advanced reasoning models like Opus are designed to handle complex, demanding tasks. While a smaller, cheaper large language model will provide an answer based on the probabilities in its training data, a reasoning model will rerun and refine its operations to get a better or more complete answer. This takes longer, but it means the AI can handle more difficult operations.

Reasoning models are particularly useful for complicated programming projects or intensive research. The downside is they are slower and more expensive to run, which is why companies often restrict them to paid plans or have strict limits on usage.

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