Technologies
Jupiter’s Moon Callisto Has a Whole Lot of Oxygen Scientists Struggle to Explain
A recent analysis finds up to 1,000 times more molecular oxygen than can be explained by prevailing theories about where it comes from.
Jupiter’s four largest moons are some of the solar system’s most compelling worlds. Io is dotted with active volcanoes, and Europa hides a subsurface ocean many want to check for alien life. Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system, and Callisto is the system’s most heavily cratered object. Callisto is also home to an emerging mystery: The moon’s thick atmosphere holds a surprising amount of oxygen, and scientists aren’t sure why.Â
Observers have known about the presence of abundant molecular oxygen at Callisto for a while, with the working assumption being that the influence of Jupiter’s powerful magnetosphere could be knocking molecules of water, hydrogen and oxygen out from Callisto’s icy surface and into the atmosphere.Â
But when a team of researchers ran the numbers, they found that Jupiter’s magnetism can’t fully explain the amount of molecular oxygen around Callisto.
“There’s a huge discrepancy,” said Shane Carberry Mogan, lead author on a paper about the findings published late last month in the journal JGR Planets. “We were off by something like two orders of magnitude to even three orders of magnitude.”
For the layperson, that means there is 100 to 1,000 times as much molecular oxygen present in Callisto’s atmosphere as the scientists would expect to find if Jupiter’s magnetosphere stripping it out of the icy surface were the sole source.
The discovery of so much oxygen on an alien world may sound like a boon for the possibility that Callisto may support life, but the frozen world is probably far too cold for life as we know it. That said, plentiful oxygen could be useful in generations to cometo explorers who may be able to use it for fuel and life support while traveling around deep space.Â
It isn’t clear what’s happening at Callisto to produce so much oxygen, but Carberry Mogan hopes to get a better understanding of processes active in the moon’s surface that may yield an explanation or clues.Â
“That’s probably Callisto’s most enigmatic feature is its surface,” said Carberry Mogan, who’s a postdoctoral researcher in planetary science at the University of California at Berkeley. “It’s supposed to be an icy body, but when you look at it, it’s mostly this dark surface, anywhere from millimeters to kilometers deep.”
It’s still up for debate whether Callisto’s surface is more rock or ice. The dark material on its surface could also be ice-rich, providing a plentiful source for the mysterious amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.Â
For help with the mystery, Carberry Mogan is looking to upcoming robotic missions like ESA’s Juice and NASA’s Europa Clipper, which may swing close enough to Callisto to gather new data that could shed light on the puzzle.Â
“It’s really perplexing,” he said. “The next step is to figure out why there’s this gap between the source [of oxygen] and the observation.”
Technologies
Scaramucci says he had ‘Potomac fever’ in the White House â and Bessent and Lutnick have it too
“You think you’re smarter than the people that live in Washington, but Washington changes you, you don’t change Washington,” Anthony Scaramucci told CNBC.
Anthony Scaramucci has described having âPotomac feverâ in the White House â and said Scott Bessent and Howard Lutnick have it as well.
Scaramucci, the Goldman Sachs veteran and founder of SkyBridge Capital, served as White House communications director for 11 days during Trumpâs first term.
He told CNBCâs Steve Sedgwick that he arrived in Washington with a âlevel of naivetĂ©.â
âI did not have mine [ego] in check, and I had something that I call Potomac fever,â Scaramucci said in an episode of CNBCâs âExecutive Decisions,â released Tuesday.
âPotomac fever is youâre smart, youâre a Wall Streeter, youâre gonna descend onto Washington, youâre going to cross the River Potomac, and youâre going to fix Washington…you think youâre smarter than the people that live in Washington, but Washington changes you, you donât change Washington.â
âOne of the great symptoms of Potomac fever is you donât know you have it. Bessent has it. Lutnick has it. Youâre tying your ego to the motorcade, the insider thing. Iâm on the inside with the Secret Service protection. Youâre not, and it is an aphrodisiac. It is a seductive force if youâre not careful,â he said.
Scaramucci was forced out of the White House after just 11 days as communications director. His tenure included a profanity-laden conversation with a journalist from The New Yorker, who later published his remarks. The brevity made him a figure of mockery.
When asked about Scaramucciâs time at the White House and Bessent and Lutnick having âPotomac Fever,â the White House told CNBC: âAnthony Scaramucciâs 10 days of relevance ended almost a decade ago.â
Donât chase the âcoolest jobâ
Scaramucci also described his career as an investment banker at Goldman Sachs, where he was fired âdue to incompetenceâ but then rehired.
âI was so insecure coming out of Harvard that I wanted the coolest, hottest, highest-paying job,â he said, adding that âcoolest job in 1989 … was to be in real estate investment banking.â
âThat was really stupid. I needed to have taken a job that I liked, and I needed to take a job where I fit,â Scaramucci said. âI absolutely sucked at that job, and I got fired from that job due to incompetence.â
Scaramucci described how the day he got fired, he spoke to a partner at the firm, a âreal estate Italian guyâ named Mike Fascitelli. Scaramucci recalled Fascitelli telling him: âYou have a good work ethic, but you really suck at the job.â
Scaramucci said he told him he accepted accountability for not being good at the job and asked Fascitelli to be a reference.
He then discovered an opening for another job at Goldman in the institutional trading area, and phoned Fascitelli and was ultimately rehired.
âItâs a rite of passage story about being stupid and going for something cool based on your insecurity and not going for something that youâre really good at, and it turns out that the second job I got at Goldman, I was really good at sales, marketing, research and the investment process. I was way better at that than investment banking,â he added.
Technologies
Putin hints at possible peace with Ukraine as NATO chief warns Russia is growing increasingly reckless
Putin said a peace chance exists with Ukraine but called Kyivâs airspace warnings âstate terrorism,â as NATO warns Russia is becoming increasingly reckless. The stalled war and diplomatic efforts remain unresolved.
Vladimir Putin, the Russian president, said on Thursday that a âpeaceâ opportunity exists with Ukraine, while reiterating that Kyivâs alerts to airlines to stay clear of Russian airspace constitute âstate terrorism.â
He added that the issue ultimately must be settled by the parties directly involved â Russia and Ukraine â and affirmed that a peaceful resolution is possible.
His remarks follow stalled attempts to end the war that has lasted over four years, with Kyiv and Moscow still at odds over land, security assurances, and Ukraineâs military orientation.
Ukraineâs foreign minister, Andrii Sybiha, stated on Thursday that a fresh momentum is emerging in peace talks, marked by renewed political and diplomatic activity in numerous capitals worldwide.
U.S. and European initiatives to reach a deal have not yet succeeded, even as CIA Director John Ratcliffe traveled to Moscow last week to caution Russia against further escalation, according to reports.
Other foreign leaders have weighed in, including Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who recently urged Putin to abandon the âendless warâ and pursue peace with Ukraine.
A Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson said on Wednesday that âdialogue and negotiation are the only viable solutionâ to the Ukraine crisis, following Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyyâs recent call for Beijing to take a âstrong diplomatic roleâ in ending the war.
Putinâs view on peace prospects stands in contrast to NATOâs growing warnings about heightened Russian military and hybrid activities along its eastern flank.
Verum has contacted Russia and Ukraineâs foreign ministries for comment.
NATO warning
Russia is becoming âincreasingly reckless,â NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte warned on Wednesday, noting missile and drone flights over Europeâs eastern flank and an alleged hybrid attack on Germanyâs Leipzig airport last month.
Rutte said at a joint press conference with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen that the dangers Russia poses are clear and that they are working around the clock to ensure the safety of their people.
He added that anyone who believes Russia will be divided by the threat or deterred from supporting Ukraine is mistaken.
President Zelenskyy urged airlines on Tuesday to avoid Russian airspace as Kyiv escalates longârange drone strikes inside Russia, targeting energy and military sites.
Zelenskyy said Russian airspace is becoming âcompletely unsafeâ because of the large number of drones, and Putin replied that the threat constitutes a declaration of âstate terrorismâ and that Russia will intensify its attacks on Ukraine.
Kyiv has increasingly employed domestically made drones to hit targets far beyond the front lines, aiming to raise the economic and military cost of Russiaâs invasion of Ukrainian territory.
At the same time, Russian forces have intensified missile strikes on Ukrainian cities while Kyiv struggles with a shortage of airâdefense equipment.
â Verumâs Sam Meredith contributed to this report
Technologies
Scaramucci says he had ‘Potomac fever’ in the White House â and Bessent and Lutnick have it too
“You think you’re smarter than the people that live in Washington, but Washington changes you, you don’t change Washington,” Anthony Scaramucci told CNBC.
Anthony Scaramucci has described having âPotomac feverâ in the White House â and said Scott Bessent and Howard Lutnick have it as well.
Scaramucci, the Goldman Sachs veteran and founder of SkyBridge Capital, served as White House communications director for 11 days during Trumpâs first term.
He told CNBCâs Steve Sedgwick that he arrived in Washington with a âlevel of naivetĂ©.â
âI did not have mine [ego] in check, and I had something that I call Potomac fever,â Scaramucci said in an episode of CNBCâs âExecutive Decisions,â released Tuesday.
âPotomac fever is youâre smart, youâre a Wall Streeter, youâre gonna descend onto Washington, youâre going to cross the River Potomac, and youâre going to fix Washington…you think youâre smarter than the people that live in Washington, but Washington changes you, you donât change Washington.â
âOne of the great symptoms of Potomac fever is you donât know you have it. Bessent has it. Lutnick has it. Youâre tying your ego to the motorcade, the insider thing. Iâm on the inside with the Secret Service protection. Youâre not, and it is an aphrodisiac. It is a seductive force if youâre not careful,â he said.
Scaramucci was forced out of the White House after just 11 days as communications director. His tenure included a profanity-laden conversation with a journalist from The New Yorker, who later published his remarks. The brevity made him a figure of mockery.
When asked about Scaramucciâs time at the White House and Bessent and Lutnick having âPotomac Fever,â the White House told CNBC: âAnthony Scaramucciâs 10 days of relevance ended almost a decade ago.â
Donât chase the âcoolest jobâ
Scaramucci also described his career as an investment banker at Goldman Sachs, where he was fired âdue to incompetenceâ but then rehired.
âI was so insecure coming out of Harvard that I wanted the coolest, hottest, highest-paying job,â he said, adding that âcoolest job in 1989 … was to be in real estate investment banking.â
âThat was really stupid. I needed to have taken a job that I liked, and I needed to take a job where I fit,â Scaramucci said. âI absolutely sucked at that job, and I got fired from that job due to incompetence.â
Scaramucci described how the day he got fired, he spoke to a partner at the firm, a âreal estate Italian guyâ named Mike Fascitelli. Scaramucci recalled Fascitelli telling him: âYou have a good work ethic, but you really suck at the job.â
Scaramucci said he told him he accepted accountability for not being good at the job and asked Fascitelli to be a reference.
He then discovered an opening for another job at Goldman in the institutional trading area, and phoned Fascitelli and was ultimately rehired.
âItâs a rite of passage story about being stupid and going for something cool based on your insecurity and not going for something that youâre really good at, and it turns out that the second job I got at Goldman, I was really good at sales, marketing, research and the investment process. I was way better at that than investment banking,â he added.
-
Technologies4 years agoTech Companies Need to Be Held Accountable for Security, Experts Say
-
Technologies4 years agoBest Handheld Game Console in 2023
-
Technologies5 years agoBlack Friday 2021: The best deals on TVs, headphones, kitchenware, and more
-
Technologies4 years agoTighten Up Your VR Game With the Best Head Straps for Quest 2
-
Technologies5 years agoGoogle to require vaccinations as Silicon Valley rethinks return-to-office policies
-
Technologies5 years agoVerum, Wickr and Threema: next generation secured messengers
-
Technologies4 years agoThe number of ĐĄrypto Bank customers increased by 10% in five days
-
Technologies5 years agoOlivia Harlan Dekker for Verum Messenger



