Technologies
Congress Won’t Block State AI Regulations. Here’s What That Means for Consumers
The Senate yanked the plan to halt enforcement of state artificial intelligence laws from the big tax and spending bill at the last minute.
After months of debate, a plan in Congress to block states from regulating artificial intelligence was pulled from the big federal budget bill this week. The proposed 10-year moratorium would have prevented states from enforcing rules and laws on AI if the state accepted federal funding for broadband access.
The issue exposed divides among technology experts and politicians, with some Senate Republicans joining Democrats in opposing the move. The Senate eventually voted 99-1 to remove the proposal from the bill, which also includes the extension of the 2017 federal tax cuts and cuts to services like Medicaid and SNAP. Congressional Republican leaders have said they want to have the measure on President Donald Trump’s desk by July 4.
Tech companies and many Congressional Republicans supported the moratorium, saying it would prevent a “patchwork” of rules and regulations across states and local governments that could hinder the development of AI — especially in the context of competition with China. Critics, including consumer advocates, said states should have a free hand to protect people from potential issues with the fast-growing technology.Â
“The Senate came together tonight to say that we can’t just run over good state consumer protection laws,” Sen. Maria Cantwell, a Washington Democrat, said in a statement. “States can fight robocalls, deepfakes and provide safe autonomous vehicle laws. This also allows us to work together nationally to provide a new federal framework on artificial intelligence that accelerates US leadership in AI while still protecting consumers.”
Despite the moratorium being pulled from this bill, the debate over how the government can appropriately balance consumer protection and supporting technology innovation will likely continue. “There have been a lot of discussions at the state level, and I would think that it’s important for us to approach this problem at multiple levels,” said Anjana Susarla, a professor at Michigan State University who studies AI. “We could approach it at the national level. We can approach it at the state level, too. I think we need both.”
Several states have already started regulating AI
The proposed moratorium would have barred states from enforcing any regulation, including those already on the books. The exceptions are rules and laws that make things easier for AI development and those that apply the same standards to non-AI models and systems that do similar things. These kinds of regulations are already starting to pop up. The biggest focus is not in the US, but in Europe, where the European Union has already implemented standards for AI. But states are starting to get in on the action.
Colorado passed a set of consumer protections last year, set to go into effect in 2026. California adopted more than a dozen AI-related laws last year. Other states have laws and regulations that often deal with specific issues such as deepfakes or require AI developers to publish information about their training data. At the local level, some regulations also address potential employment discrimination if AI systems are used in hiring.
“States are all over the map when it comes to what they want to regulate in AI,” said Arsen Kourinian, a partner at the law firm Mayer Brown. So far in 2025, state lawmakers have introduced at least 550 proposals around AI, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. In the House committee hearing last month, Rep. Jay Obernolte, a Republican from California, signaled a desire to get ahead of more state-level regulation. “We have a limited amount of legislative runway to be able to get that problem solved before the states get too far ahead,” he said.
Read more: AI Essentials: 29 Ways to Make Gen AI Work for You, According to Our Experts
While some states have laws on the books, not all of them have gone into effect or seen any enforcement. That limits the potential short-term impact of a moratorium, said Cobun Zweifel-Keegan, managing director in Washington for IAPP. “There isn’t really any enforcement yet.”Â
A moratorium would likely deter state legislators and policymakers from developing and proposing new regulations, Zweifel-Keegan said. “The federal government would become the primary and potentially sole regulator around AI systems,” he said.
What a moratorium on state AI regulation would mean
AI developers have asked for any guardrails placed on their work to be consistent and streamlined.Â
“We need, as an industry and as a country, one clear federal standard, whatever it may be,” Alexandr Wang, founder and CEO of the data company Scale AI, told lawmakers during an April hearing. “But we need one, we need clarity as to one federal standard and have preemption to prevent this outcome where you have 50 different standards.”
During a Senate Commerce Committee hearing in May, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman told Sen. Ted Cruz, a Republican from Texas, that an EU-style regulatory system “would be disastrous” for the industry. Altman suggested instead that the industry develop its own standards.
Asked by Sen. Brian Schatz, a Democrat from Hawaii, if industry self-regulation is enough at the moment, Altman said he thought some guardrails would be good, but, “It’s easy for it to go too far. As I have learned more about how the world works, I am more afraid that it could go too far and have really bad consequences.” (Disclosure: Ziff Davis, parent company of CNET, in April filed a lawsuit against OpenAI, alleging it infringed Ziff Davis copyrights in training and operating its AI systems.)
Not all AI companies are backing a moratorium, however. In a New York Times op-ed, Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei called it “far too blunt an instrument,” saying the federal government should create transparency standards for AI companies instead. “Having this national transparency standard would help not only the public but also Congress understand how the technology is developing, so that lawmakers can decide whether further government action is needed.”
Concerns from companies, both the developers that create AI systems and the “deployers” who use them in interactions with consumers, often stem from fears that states will mandate significant work such as impact assessments or transparency notices before a product is released, Kourinian said. Consumer advocates have said more regulations are needed and hampering the ability of states could hurt the privacy and safety of users.
A moratorium on specific state rules and laws could result in more consumer protection issues being dealt with in court or by state attorneys general, Kourinian said. Existing laws around unfair and deceptive practices that are not specific to AI would still apply. “Time will tell how judges will interpret those issues,” he said.
Susarla said the pervasiveness of AI across industries means states might be able to regulate issues such as privacy and transparency more broadly, without focusing on the technology. But a moratorium on AI regulation could lead to such policies being tied up in lawsuits. “It has to be some kind of balance between ‘we don’t want to stop innovation,’ but on the other hand, we also need to recognize that there can be real consequences,” she said.
Much policy around the governance of AI systems does happen because of those so-called technology-agnostic rules and laws, Zweifel-Keegan said. “It’s worth also remembering that there are a lot of existing laws and there is a potential to make new laws that don’t trigger the moratorium but do apply to AI systems as long as they apply to other systems,” he said.
What’s next for federal AI regulation?
One of the key lawmakers pushing for the removal of the moratorium from the bill was Sen. Marsha Blackburn, a Tennessee Republican. Blackburn said she wanted to make sure states were able to protect children and creators, like the country musicians her state is famous for. “Until Congress passes federally preemptive legislation like the Kids Online Safety Act and an online privacy framework, we can’t block states from standing in the gap to protect vulnerable Americans from harm — including Tennessee creators and precious children,” she said in a statement.
Groups that opposed the preemption of state laws said they hope the next move for Congress is to take steps toward actual regulation of AI, which could make state laws unnecessary. If tech companies “are going to seek federal preemption, they should seek federal preemption along with a federal law that provides rules of the road,” Jason Van Beek, chief government affairs officer at the Future of Life Institute, told me.Â
Ben Winters, director of AI and data privacy at the Consumer Federation of America, said Congress could take up the idea of pre-empting state laws again in separate legislation. “Fundamentally, it’s just a bad idea,” he told me. “It doesn’t really necessarily matter if it’s done in the budget process.”
Technologies
Buffett’s decade-long acquisition finally pays off after years of struggle
Warren Buffett’s confidence in a decade-old acquisition finally pays off as Precision Castparts’ complex products become essential for engine turbine blades, while Berkshire Hathaway’s stock shows modest gains despite Wall Street declines.
Buffett’s decade-long acquisition finally pays off after years of struggle
Six years ago, when Berkshire Hathaway took an $11 billion write-down of its $37.2 billion 2016 acquisition of Precision Castparts, Warren Buffett wrote in his annual letter to shareholders he had paid âtoo muchâ for the company, which makes âcomplex metal components and products.â
While it was a âfine company â the best in its business,â he had been âsimply too optimisticâ about its profit potential, a âmiscalculation … laid bareâ by the enormous downturn for the aerospace industry, Precision Castpartsâ largest customers, amid the Covid pandemic.
In a CNBC interview when the deal was first announced, Buffett admitted it was âa very high multiple for us to pay,â but told shareholders at the 2016 meeting he had great confidence in Mark Donegan, the companyâs CEO, both then and now, and the companyâs long-term profit outlook.
Itâs taken longer than he planned, but Buffett’s purchase is now looking pretty good.
As Reuters puts it, there is currently a shortage of the âcomplexâ products Precision Castparts makes that are essential for engine turbine blades.
Theyâre also used in natural gas turbines, which are in demand to produce energy for artificial intelligence data centers.
This week, GE Aerospace announced it would pay $11.75 billion to acquire Consolidated Precision Products, one of the few companies that competes against Precision Castparts.
Barronâs calls that âpriceyâ at 26 times projected 2027 earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.
Using the same multiple, Barronâs estimates Precision Castparts is worth around $100 billion. Thatâs well above the potential value of $60 billion to $75 billion it cited in an article last month that said the unit âprobably has become one of the more valuable divisionsâ of Berkshire.
Itâs also nearly three times the 2016 purchase price.
In the Barronâs piece, Andrew Bary said Berkshire, and its share price, arenât âgetting much creditâ for the subsidiaryâs rising value, in part because CEO Greg Abel, like Buffett, doesnât do analyst conference calls or investor events that could draw attention to the unitâs performance.
His recommendation: âWithout Warren Buffett at the helm, Berkshire may have to start telling its story if it wants to attract a new generation of investors. This yearâs trading action suggests that something may need to change.â
Berkshire bounces a bit as Wall Street sells off
Berkshire Hathaway shares managed a modest gain this week even as Wall Streetâs major averages declined, a small departure from the 2026 âtrading actionâ Bary cites.
Both the Class A and Class B shares gained almost 0.9% while the S&P 500 fell by 0.8%.
Until Fridayâs bounce, that benchmark index, along with the Dow Industrials and the Nasdaq Composite, had dropped four days in a row as oil and bond yields moved higher.
Even with this weekâs outperformance, Berkshireâs B shares still trail the S&P 500 by more than 10 percentage points so far this year.
Nebraska candidate moves to replace ad that included Buffettâs image
The campaign team for the Republican running in Nebraskaâs 2nd Congressional District accelerated the deployment of a new campaign ad after Susie Buffett complained about a previous commercial that briefly included an image of her father, Warren Buffett.
In the ad, a picture of Buffett and his name appear on screen for roughly two seconds as candidate Brinker Harding says, âHere in Omaha, we know a thing or two about the stock market, some more than others. But we do it without insider information.â
He then goes on to highlight his call for a ban on Congressional stock trading, saying some lawmakers âtrade on secrets youâll never know,â as they âget richâ while âwe barely get by.â
In a report that led its 10 PM CT newscast Wednesday evening, ABC affiliate KETV in Omaha reported Susie Buffett had asked Harding on Sept. 2 to remove the ad.
She told the station, âI think itâs worth it to say that Warren did not give Brinker his permission to use his face or name in his ad.
âIt implies that my dad endorses him. He did not have permission to use it.â
The KETV report quoted Harding as saying in a statement, âIn Nebraska, we work hard and support each other, and we do it honestly. Warren Buffett exemplifies that, and that was the point of my ad.â
The report said Harding did not comment on whether the ad would be taken down but noted âit does look like new ads from his campaign are beginning to run on some stations.â
A Harding campaign spokesperson told me the campaign did not think its ad implied a Buffett endorsement, but to be respectful to the Buffett family, it responded to her concern by accelerating the rollout of its next planned ad by several days, although its effort was hampered by the Labor Day weekend.
The commercial now running does not show or mention Buffett.
BUFFETT & BERKSHIRE AROUND THE INTERNET
Some links may require a subscription:
- Bestâs News and Research Service: 2026 Bestâs Rankings: Berkshire Hathaway Takes DPW Top Spot Among Accident & Health Lines
- Financial Times: The day Warren Buffett saved Salomon Brothers
HIGHLIGHTS FROM CNBCâS BUFFETT ARCHIVE
The effects of 9/11 on Berkshire and the insurance industry (2002)
Warren Buffett shares his thoughts on the 9/11 attacks and explains how Berkshireâs insurance companies have started taking terrorism into account when writing policies.
AUDIENCE MEMBER: I know you lost a lot of money as a result of 9/11. But I would like to know how 9/11 changed your life and your investment strategy?
WARREN BUFFETT: It made everybody, I think, in the country aware, I mean, weâve gone through world wars and all of that, and essentially felt quite protected within these borders.
And I have been quite worried about â Charlie can attest to â you know, the possibility, particularly of some kind of nuclear device in this country, by â probably more likely by terrorists than by some, at least, declared act of war by another state.
And 9/11 made everybody realize that as humans have not progressed, particularly, in terms of how they behave with each other over the years, they have progressed enormously in their ability to inflict damage on those they hate for one reason or another…
In terms of the business aspects of it, in your question, obviously the area at Berkshire that it effects most significantly, by miles, is insurance.
And prior to 9/11, even though we recognized that there could be huge monetary damages that flowed from the activities of what I would call deranged people, we hadnât really written the contracts in such a way as to either get paid for taking that risk or to exclude the risk. In other words, we were throwing it in for nothing.
We had excluded risk for war. I mean, we knew that weâd seen what had happened in England in the 40s, and so we had taken account of something that some of us had seen with our own eyes, but we didnât take account of something that we knew was possible, but we just hadnât seen. And thatâs, you know, thatâs the human condition, to some degree.
Since September 11th, everybody in the insurance business recognizes that they had exposures that they werenât charging for, and they either had to exclude those exposures or they had to charge for them.
We have written â first thing we had to do, of course, is we had lots of policies on the books that left us exposed to this, and most of those policies ran for a year, starting at different points. Those have run off to a great degree, but theyâre not entirely run off.
The other thing we did was on new policies. We have sold a fair amount, quite a large amount, of terrorism insurance that excludes what we call NCB, nuclear, chemical, and biological, as well as fire following nuclear.
And, we can take a fair amount of exposure to that sort of terrorism, because it doesnât â it wonât aggregate. It aggregated at the Twin Towers in a way that â World Trade Center â in a way that just about was as extreme as you could get for non-NCB-type activities.
I mean, that was a huge amount of damage done without nuclear, chemical, or biological.
But we can have tens of billions of dollars with NCB excluded throughout a greater New York area, or something, but we canât have hundreds of billions of exposure that would be exposed, say, to, nuclear activities, because there an act or two, or three, coordinated, could cause damage that would destroy the insurance industry.
And if we had coverage on that, it would destroy us as well.
BERKSHIRE STOCK WATCH
Four weeks
Twelve months
BRK.A stock price: $766,000.00
BRK.B stock price: $510.37
BRK.B P/E (TTM): 12.83
Berkshire Cash as of June 30: $365.5 billion (Down 8.0% from March 31)
Excluding Rail Cash and Subtracting T-Bills Payable: $359.2 billion (Down 3.8% from March 31)
Berkshire repurchased $4.5 billion of its shares in Q2 2026.
BERKSHIREâS TOP EQUITY HOLDINGS – Sep. 11, 2026
Berkshireâs top holdings of disclosed publicly traded stocks in the U.S. and Japan, by market value, based on the latest closing prices.
Holdings are as of June 30, 2026, as reported in Berkshire Hathawayâs 13F filing on August 14, 2026, except for:
- Mitsubishi, which is as of April 30, 2026
The full list of holdings and current market values is available from CNBC.comâs Berkshire Hathaway Portfolio Tracker.
QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS
Also, Buffettâs annual letters to shareholders are highly recommended reading. There are collected here on Berkshireâs website.
— Alex Crippen, Editor, Warren Buffett Watch
Technologies
Houthis reportedly advance to key Red Sea island, further threatening crucial oil choke point
The advance raises the threat to shipping near the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, a waterway that connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden to global markets.
The Iran-backed Houthis reportedly advanced to Yemenâs strategic Perim Island on Friday, delivering a major boost to the militant groupâs push to take control of one of the worldâs most important shipping choke points.
The capture of Perim Island, which was reported by several news agencies, citing multiple Yemeni government sources, comes just one day after the Houthis seized Yemenâs port city of Mokha on the Red Sea coast. CNBC could not independently confirm the report.
The rapid ground offensive is seen as a severe setback to Saudi Arabia and the Yemeni forces it backs and puts Iran and its proxies on course to exercise control over two critically important oil choke points on either side of the Arabian Peninsula: the Bab el-Mandeb Strait and the Strait of Hormuz.
Perim Island is a small and rocky area of land that divides the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, a waterway that connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and to global markets.
There are concerns that the Houthisâ advance toward the Bab el-Mandeb Strait could have significant ramifications for global trade, particularly if the militant group ratchets up threats or attacks on Red Sea shipping.
The Houthi advance prompted Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to personally press President Donald Trump for U.S. military intervention, MS NOW reported later Friday, according to a person familiar with the conversations.
The crown prince spoke with Trump twice Thursday and urged him to strike the Iranian-backed group as it closed in on the Bab el-Mandeb. Trump declined, saying the U.S. does not plan to widen its regional military campaign to include the Houthis, according to the person, who was granted anonymity because of the sensitive nature of the conversations. Axios first reported the calls.
A senior administration official told CNBC the U.S. remains focused on protecting core national security interests, including freedom of navigation in the Red Sea, âwhile empowering our regional partners to take the lead in managing and resolving regional security challenges.â
The official added that the U.S. is âin continuous dialogue with Saudi Arabia.â
The capture of Mokha marked a âmajor blowâ to Saudi Arabia as it raises the possibility of the group exerting a tighter grip on the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, according to Hamish Kinnear, principal Middle East and North Africa analyst at risk intelligence company Verisk Maplecroft.
Mokha is situated about 75 kilometers (46 miles) north of the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
âThe Houthis were already threatening Saudi shipping from previous positions, but their capture of Mocha opens up the possibility of further advances towards the Bab el-Mandeb coastline and a tighter grip on the chokepoint,â Kinnear said in a research note.
As the war continues, Kinnear said both Tehran and Washington believe time is on their side, making a new truce unlikely for now.
âOil and gas prices, and more specifically refined products such as diesel, will continue to tick upwards while that remains the case â even if US convoys and Strait of Hormuz export alternatives cushion the price impact,â Kinnear said.
The strategic importance of the Bab el-Mandeb Strait has grown significantly since the start of the U.S. and Israelâs war against Iran in late February, with the waterway emerging as an alternative route for crude moving toward Asia.
What next for oil prices?
Oil prices traded sharply lower on Friday, but both major benchmarks could still end the week above $100 per barrel for the first time since mid-May.
International benchmark Brent crude
The resilience of the oil market is being tested by a clearer recognition of the mounting threat to regional supply, strategists at ING said, with energy market participants seen repricing both the duration and severity of the conflict.
Even as flows continue through the Strait of Hormuz, INGâs strategists said flows remain well below prewar levels, underlining how fragile the situation has become.
âSaudi energy infrastructure and crude oil exports from the Red Sea are increasingly at risk, with the Houthis in Yemen targeting Saudi Arabia,â INGâs Warren Patterson and Ewa Manthey said in a research note published Friday.
âAs the Houthis have taken control of the Red Sea port of Mokha in Yemen, recent events increase the threat to shipping around the Bab al-Mandeb Strait,â they added.
â Luke Fountain contributed to this report.
Technologies
Wall Street firm believes the AI stock market boom is ‘nearing an end.’ Here’s why
Stretched earnings expectations, extreme concentration and surging equity issuance point to growing bubble risks.
A range of equity market bubble indicators show that while the S & P 500 âs rally has further to run this year, its medium-term prospects look poor given how frothy the market has become, according to Capital Economics. âMost indicators suggest the AI equity boom is nearing an end,â Capital Economicsâ senior market economist James Reilly said Thursday in a note. Capital has been more bullish than most on the stock market since mid-2023, reflecting a view that AI will be a transformative technology. Its year end-2026 S & P 500 forecast has consistently been above consensus. But the firm has also maintained that the AI-driven rally is a bubble that will eventually burst. To assess and spot a late-stage market bubble, Reilly looks at eight indicators including valuations, earnings, index concentration, equity issuance and foreign interest in U.S. equities. Some of those measures are already at or near levels that preceded previous stock market peaks. The analysis shows that while market variables such as earnings expectations look consistent with a market top, others such as volatility and leverage look slightly less alarming. Earnings stand out as the biggest warning sign. Expectations for S & P 500 earnings growth are around levels seen only at the peak of the dot-com bubble, while long-term EPS growth forecasts have surged to a record high. According to Reilly, the heavy concentration of this expected growth in the tech sector means that any signs of weakness in the tech firmsâ earnings will weigh heavily on the index. Other indicators are also flashing warning signs. Index concentration is around dot-com-era extremes, net equity issuance has turned positive and foreign ownership of U.S. stocks is at a record high. Reilly said another wave of IPOs and share sales could be particularly significant, since similar issuance booms have historically coincided with market peaks. âOn past form, this suggests that the end of the bubble is just months away, rather than years,â he said. Measures of leverage are not yet alarming compared to other factors, though the analyst warns that they are heading in a âconcerning direction.â While volatility metrics look consistent with a mid -stage bubble, Reilly notes that constituent -level volatility isnât as extreme as it was near the end of the dotcom boom. âWhile we continue to think that the S & P 500 will rally from around 7,650 now to 8,250 by end-2026 , we ultimately forecast it to fall back to 6,500 by end -2027,â he wrote. Those assumptions would equate to 8% upside this year and a 21% slide in 2027.
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