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What Is Mastodon, the Alternative Social Network Now Blocked by Twitter?

Learn everything you need to know about Twitter’s open-source competitor.

Since Elon Musk took control of Twitter on Oct. 27, the social network has been roiled by controversy. First, half the staff was laid off via email, and an ill-advised new implementation of its “blue check” verification system left the site plagued by trolls and fake “verified” accounts. Now, Twitter has banned accounts that Musk promised to protect and suspended several prominent journalists who report on Elon Musk.

Twitters users concerned about changes at the company are looking for other social media options, and the open-source network Mastodon has been a big beneficiary. Mastodon Count, a bot that tracks usage on the network, showed a 400% increase in the rate of new account signups on Dec. 15, when Twitter suspended the journalists who cover Musk.

The growing popularity of Mastodon might partly explain why Twitter is now blocking many links to Mastodon servers and suggesting the URLs are “harmful” or include malware. Twitter has also suspended the official account for Mastodon, prompting a joke from creator Eugen Rochko about never having to check Twitter notifications again.

Read on to see how Mastodon works, how to sign up, and how it compares to Twitter. For more, see how to delete your Twitter account, and get the latest on Twitter’s verification badge plans.

What is Mastodon and how is it different from Twitter?

Mastodon is a free social media service that functions much like Twitter. You can post “toots” (instead of tweets), follow other people and organizations, and favorite (like) and boost (retweet) posts from other people.

Mastodon was created and originally released in October 2016 by Eugen Rochko, the CEO and lone employee of the nonprofit organization Mastodon gGmbH. In May, Rochko explained the service’s oddly named substitute for “tweet.” He says the original button was called “publish,” but a committed supporter promised lifetime support of the Mastodon Patreon account if he would change it to “toot.” (On the iOS and Android apps it says “publish.”)

In an interview with Time Magazine, Rochko said he began developing Mastodon when he realized that “being able to express myself online to my friends through short messages was actually very important to me, important also to the world, and that maybe it should not be in the hands of a single corporation that can just do whatever it wants with it.”

Read more: Mastodon Is No Twitter Replacement

Instead of one town square for everyone, however, Mastodon is composed of thousands of social networks, all running on different servers, or “instances,” that can communicate with each other through a system called the Fediverse. The Fediverse also contains other social networks like PeerTube for videos, Funkwhale for music, PixelFed for photos and NextCloud for files.

Mastodon servers aren’t required to be connected to the Fediverse, In fact, the most famous Mastodon instance is Truth Social, the social network of former US president Donald Trump.

How do I join Mastodon?

The hardest part of Mastodon is getting started. Since there’s no one common Mastodon area for everyone — as with Twitter — you’ll need to register on a specific Mastodon server.

Servers can be based on a geographic location, subject interest, professional background or literally anything an administrator can think of. For example, the folks at dolphin.town are only allowed to post the letter “E,” while the literary buffs at oulipo.social are forbidden from ever using the letter “E” (in honor of OuLiPo writer Georges Perec’s lipogram “La Disparition“).

Two of the biggest Mastodon servers, aka instances, are mastodon.social — the official server of the Mastodon project — and mstdn.social, though both have temporarily paused registrations. Another large general server that I recently joined is mas.to. Other popular Mastodon instances include masthead.social for journalists and fosstodon.org for open-source software.

Don’t worry too much about which server you pick — you can join as many as you want and leave or switch servers at any time. And you can follow people across servers, so picking one doesn’t keep you from communicating with those on other instances.

One good place to find a server to join is the official Mastodon website at joinmastodon.org. The site currently lists about 80 servers that have committed to the Mastodon Server Covenant, an agreement to enforce moderation, make backups of the site and give at least three months warning before ever shutting down an instance.

Each server’s “about” page will tell a little bit about the Mastodon instance and list the server’s rules. If you don’t find a server that you like on joinmastodon.org, you can try other Mastodon directories, such as instances.social, which offers a wizard for picking a server as well as a sortable list of 16,412 instances.

Most Mastodon servers with open registration will only ask for your email address and a password to get started. Once you respond to a verification email, you’re ready to start using Mastodon. Other, more private Mastodon servers may ask you to make a request to join and then wait for an invitation.

How do I use Mastodon?

Like Twitter, Mastodon lets you post short messages to the world or to select people, but instead of tweets, Mastodon posts are called toots. And many of Mastodon’s other features are a lot like Twitter’s, too, with slight differences. Each post is limited to 500 characters (instead of 280), and you can include links, images (JPG, GIF or PNG, up to 8MB), audio files (MP3, OGG, WAV, FLAC, OPUS, AAC, M4A and 3GP up to 40MB) and videos (MP4, M4V, MOV, WebM up to 40MB).

Your posts on Mastodon can be set to be public, only for your followers or completely unlisted from all timelines. You can create polls for your followers and use all your favorite usual emojis, plus custom emojis created for specific servers.

Any post can be marked with an explanatory “content warning” that requires a click before viewing, and Mastodon users take advantage of the feature often.

You can even edit posts on Mastodon. Each version of your toot remains available for review, and people who reblog your post are notified after it’s edited.

Just like Twitter, Mastodon uses hashtags that start with the “#” symbol, such as #Gaming, #Anthropology or #Veganism. Since there’s no algorithm to suggest your posts to nonfollowers, using hashtags to categorize your posts for people who might be interested is even more important than on Twitter.

You can follow any account on Mastodon, whether or not it’s on your own server instance, and the account’s posts will be added to your Home feed in chronological order. Know that for some accounts, you need to request permission to follow them.

Free web apps like Debirdify, Fedifinder and Twitodon can help you find accounts you followed on Twitter that have migrated to Mastodon.

If you don’t want a particular account following you, you can block them just like on Twitter, or you can choose to block an entire server.

Mastodon lets you “favorite” posts, but the favorites count doesn’t appear on timelines — if you want to promote someone else’s posts, you’ll need to “boost” or reblog them. Unlike Twitter, there are no “quote toots” on Mastodon, a deliberate choice to discourage “dunking” on other people’s posts. A separate “bookmark” feature lets you save toots on Mastodon without notifying the account that posted it.

Mastodon does have a feature called Direct Messages, but the name is a little misleading. Rather than providing person-to-person messages, Mastodon’s feature sets the visibility of a post to only the people mentioned in it. In other words, they’re toots that only certain people can see, rather than actual direct messages.

How do the Mastodon timelines work?

Whereas Twitter just has one timeline (sorted chronologically or by “top stories”), Mastodon has three: your Home timeline shows all the posts and reblogs from everyone you follow, your Local timeline shows everything from your own server instance, and your Federated timeline shows all posts from all Mastodon servers on which you follow someone.

Using a web browser, you can set Mastodon to look like Twitter, showing one feed at a time, or you can view multiple feeds and notifications simultaneously (much like Tweetdeck) by selecting “Advanced view” from your Preferences.

Are there any mobile apps for Mastodon?

You bet. Due to the open-source nature of Mastodon, you have a lot of choices for apps on both iPhone and Android.

Your first and easiest option is the official app from Mastodon gGmbH (for iOS or Android), but there are other solid third-party apps. The two most popular alternative Mastodon apps right now are Metatext for iPhone and Tusky for Android.

Mastodon apps for iPhone:

Mastodon apps for Android:

If you do get started with Mastodon, make sure to follow me @peterbutler@mas.to. (And say hello!)

For more about social media and Twitter, follow a timeline of the Elon Musk purchase and read about the big changes that could be in store for Twitter.

Correction, Nov. 7: A previous version of this story incorrectly described Mastodon’s features. Mastodon added the ability to edit posts in March 2022.

Technologies

Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang emerges as Trump’s top ally in AI safety debate

Jensen Huang’s position as the leader of the world’s most valuable company, has earned him Trump’s ear on the most important topics in AI.

With the debate about regulating artificial intelligence raging in Washington this week, President Donald Trump picked up the phone to call his top ally on the subject: Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang.

“The robots are not going to be taking over the world,” Trump told Huang, who’d put the president on speaker while on stage at the All-In Summit in Los Angeles on Monday. Trump repeated a point he’d made on social media: that mounting AI and data center concerns are a “hoax.”

While other tech leaders like Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg and Amazon founder Jeff Bezos have cozied up to Trump during his second term, experts told CNBC that Huang is exercising outsized influence in the White House. He’s slated to attend Trump’s high-profile state dinner for Chinese President Xi Jinping next week, according to a person familiar with the matter who asked not to be named due to confidentiality.

Nvidia has been powering the AI boom since before the launch of ChatGPT in late 2022, supplying the graphics processing units used by OpenAI, Anthropic and others to train their models and run large workloads. Revenue surged to $215 billion in the latest fiscal year, up from $17 billion in 2021.

Huang’s position as the leader of the world’s most valuable company and the chipmaker at the heart of the AI boom has earned him the president’s ear on the most important AI topics.

“Trump just likes winners, and Jensen’s very good at speaking his language,” Samuel Hammond, director of AI policy at the think tank Foundation for American Innovation, said in an interview.

An Nvidia spokesperson declined to comment, and White House representatives didn’t respond to a request for comment.

Whether joining Trump for a candlelit dinner at his Mar-a-Lago club in Florida, or closing a keynote by thanking guests for “making America great again,” Huang has learned how to appeal to the president. Trump and Huang have appeared together at least six times in public since the start of the second term, including trips to Saudi Arabia and the U.K., and a recent trip to China via Air Force One.

Huang is pushing for U.S. AI to move faster while some of Nvidia’s most important customers — namely OpenAI and Anthropic — are ramping up pressure on governments to regulate the technology as fears spread about its potential dangers.

An Anthropic researcher, Jacob Coxon, who previously worked at OpenAI, said he quit his job earlier this month because he feared top AI labs are “gambling with our lives.” Coxon’s resignation set off a firestorm on social media, prompting calls for increased oversight from more than 20 members of Congress.

Concerns were already swirling after OpenAI disclosed a significant security incident in July, when two of its models escaped containment, accessed the open internet, and breached the online AI repository Hugging Face to get a better score on a benchmark test.

Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei cited that episode in a bombshell essay a week ago, urging AI developers to slow how quickly they improve their most advanced AI models. Amodei encouraged companies to cooperate directly with the U.S. government, and reiterated his desire for “well-considered regulation of AI.”

Amodei’s “pacing” proposal was endorsed by other industry leaders, including OpenAI CEO Sam Altman, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk and Google DeepMind Chair Demis Hassabis, who agreed on the need for a slowdown and additional oversight.

‘Did no harm’

Huang took a different position.

In public appearances over the past week, the Nvidia CEO brushed off concerns about AI’s risks. He said that predictions of doom aren’t grounded in science, and that model developers are responsible for securing their products before releasing them.

The solution to safety concerns, Huang said in Scotland on Thursday, is “good old-fashioned engineering.”

“There were incidents, and those incidents, thankfully, did no harm,” Huang said.

Huang’s position is largely shared publicly by David Sacks, a venture capitalist who previously served as Trump’s AI and crypto czar. Sacks co-hosts the “All-In” Podcast, which produced Monday’s event that featured the Trump-Huang call.

“The only control or ‘guardrails’ that AI needs is a STRONG AND SMART (High IQ!) PRESIDENT, and the U.S.A. has that, in spades!,” Trump wrote in a post on Truth Social on the same day as the summit.

Before the recent uproar over safety, Nvidia focused its Washington outreach on export controls.

Last year, Nvidia was pushing to sell its AI chips to restricted countries, including China, drawing sharp criticism from U.S. lawmakers.

Some members of Congress, including Sens. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., and Josh Hawley, R-Mo., have cautioned that selling Nvidia hardware to China could threaten U.S. national security and narrow America’s lead in AI.

In December, Huang’s strategy paid off. Trump announced that Nvidia was granted permission to ship its H200 chip to Chinese customers, and that the U.S. would collect a 25% fee in exchange.

The H200 announcement drew intense pushback from both sides of the aisle. Huang declined an invitation from Warren to testify before the Senate Banking Committee in June. The following month, a top U.S. trade official confirmed that H200 sales to China were underway.

Profit motive

Nvidia and Huang argued that banning Nvidia exports to China would be against American interests, in part because such a move would spur the world’s second-largest economy and computing market to develop its own cutting-edge AI chips. The H200 is no longer Nvidia’s most powerful chip, as it has shipped two generations of its newer Blackwell processors in the U.S.

But Nvidia’s fate wasn’t entirely up to U.S. lawmakers, as China’s regulators mostly blocked imports of the H200 chips.

Nvidia’s clear profit motive leads some experts to say it takes the concerns expressed by model developers more seriously than those of the chipmaker, because the labs are the ones responsible for the actual AI technology.

“Nvidia is the most aggressive in terms of, let’s just make money,” said Andrew Yoon, a researcher at CivAI, a nonprofit warning about the dangers of AI. “At every turn, they are really trying to just make sure whatever happens is good for Nvidia’s bottom line.”

Nvidia’s ambitions in China will loom large during the state dinner on Thursday, when Trump, Huang and Xi will all be in the same room. The White House is also planning a meeting with major AI executives to coincide with the event, according to CNN. Other industry executives, including Altman, are expected to attend.

But Huang’s presence carries extra weight. During a House hearing on Monday, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent was asked if Trump understands the threat AI presents.

“I would just say the president is completely aligned with Jensen Huang, the CEO of Nvidia,” Bessent said.

WATCH: Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang says safety is an engineering problem

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Technologies

Iranian President Pezeshkian to travel to New York for UN summit as Trump threatens consequences of no agreement

Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian is set to attend the UN General Assembly in New York as diplomatic hopes rise, even as U.S. President Donald Trump warns of severe consequences if no deal is reached.

President Masoud Pezeshkian is set to lead an Iranian delegation at the United Nations General Assembly in New York on Tuesday, as fresh optimism emerges for a diplomatic resolution to the Middle East conflict.

According to the semi-official Tasnim news agency, Pezeshkian will deliver a speech before the assembly, outlining Iran’s stance on “international developments,” with special attention to its conflict with the U.S. and Israel.

He is also expected to meet with several world leaders on the margins of the gathering, which runs from Sept. 22 to 26, and Sept. 28.

The Iranian delegation’s participation at the UN has sparked renewed optimism for a diplomatic path out of the war, boosting market sentiment on Monday — equities climbed, oil prices softened, and global bond yields dropped sharply.

However, U.S. President Donald Trump — who has indicated willingness to meet Pezeshkian during the assembly — has warned that Iran’s economy would be devastated or its leadership eliminated if Tehran fails to reach an agreement.

Speaking to Fox News on Sunday, Trump said the only choices available were “wiping Iran out,” or allowing its economy to “rot,” unless a deal is reached.

Meanwhile, Iran’s military said its intelligence pointed to a new, large-scale strike being orchestrated by the U.S. and its allies, cautioning of “painful” retaliation throughout the Middle East. Any regional nations supporting such an attack would be considered participants in the conflict, it added.

“If the U.S. commits any error against the Islamic Republic of Iran, all its positions and interests in the region will face sustained, effective and painful strikes,” the Khatam al-Anbia Central Headquarters of Iran stated, per Tasnim.

Houthi-Saudi conflict complicates diplomacy hopes

The U.S. State Department issued a security alert over the weekend, warning of potential unforeseen escalation in the Middle East and urging Americans to stay vigilant and prepare for possible flight cancellations and airspace closures.

The alerts followed claims by Iran-backed Houthi militants of missile and drone strikes on Riyadh on Saturday, which triggered the first air-raid warning in the Saudi capital since hostilities intensified in July.

Saudi officials reported that a ballistic missile was intercepted and destroyed, with no casualties or damage. The Houthis also tried to strike civilians and infrastructure across multiple areas of the kingdom, according to Saudi-led coalition spokesperson Major-General Turki al-Maliki, who posted on X on Saturday that those attempts were repelled by the country’s air defenses.

Despite widening hostilities, oil prices have retreated in recent days as traders anticipate a recovery in energy shipments from oil-rich Saudi Arabia.

Oil prices will stay elevated despite U.S. advances in moving oil through the Strait of Hormuz, a team of analysts at Eurasia Group noted in a Saturday report. Any increase in oil flows would be insufficient to close the overall market deficit, they said, projecting Brent prices to trade in a higher range of $90-110 per barrel for the remainder of this year.

“Iran’s leadership will stick with resistance, even as they quarrel internally,” the consultancy firm stated, noting that Tehran aims to use military proxies and tanker attacks to maintain a chokehold on shipping flows and pressure Washington into concessions.

Tehran has maintained it will not reopen the Strait of Hormuz until Washington honors its commitments under the June memorandum, which called for lifting the naval blockade of Iranian ports, easing sanctions, unfreezing Iranian assets, and ending U.S. military threats.

Iranian parliament speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf said Sunday that Iran must continue both fighting and negotiating to push back its adversaries, and only pursue diplomacy when it holds the advantage on the battlefield.

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Technologies

Oil prices drop below $100 per barrel as Trump shows willingness to engage with Iran

Oil prices fell below $100 per barrel as Trump expressed openness to diplomacy with Iran, amid ongoing regional tensions and attacks.

On Monday, crude oil prices saw a sharp decline, trading below $100 per barrel, after President Donald Trump reportedly opted against bombing Yemen for the time being and signaled openness to diplomacy with Iran. U.S. West Texas Intermediate futures decreased by 5.4% to $94.85 per barrel by 10:48 a.m. ET. Brent crude, the international benchmark, experienced a fall of 4.1% to $99.61 per barrel. Oil prices have declined for four consecutive sessions as the market retreats from the recent rally. Trump informed Fox News that he might be willing to meet with Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian during this week’s UN General Assembly. Additionally, the U.S. president has chosen not to bomb Iran-allied Houthi militants at present, despite appeals from Saudi Arabia, according to Trump administration officials who spoke to The New York Times. In the meantime, crude exports from the Middle East have remained resilient following Saudi Arabia’s shutdown of its crucial East-West pipeline due to attacks, as stated by JPMorgan analysts in a note dated Sept. 18. Total oil flows averaged 17 million barrels per day over the past 10 days, which is 6 million bpd below the 2025 average, they reported. Exports through the Strait of Hormuz have steadily increased, with flows from the broader Middle East reaching approximately 80% of pre-war levels, according to Ryan McKay, director of commodity strategy at TD Securities. McKay stated in a Monday note that without a major escalation, Iran may have lost significant leverage in the Strait. However, the security situation in the region continues to be volatile and susceptible to sudden escalation. McKay noted that the oil market is struggling with multiple near-term drivers that are engaged in a tug of war for prices. The Houthis announced that they launched missiles at Riyadh, the Saudi capital, and targeted Aramco facilities at the Yanbu crude export terminal on the Red Sea over the weekend. At least two tankers have been attacked while transiting the Strait of Hormuz in the past day, based on incident reports from the United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations Centre. Trump also told Fox that he is in a ‘deciding mode’ and that ‘very big things’ will happen soon concerning the Iran war. He described the options as ‘wiping Iran out, letting them rot economically, or making a deal,’ as reported by Fox. Meanwhile, Iran’s Revolutionary Guard warned that it will expand the ‘geography of the conflict’ if the U.S. launches renewed strikes against the Islamic Republic, according to the state media outlet Tasnim.

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