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Best iPhone VPN of 2023

These virtual private networks are the top performers we’ve tested for Apple users looking to boost browsing privacy.

Apple is known for the strong security of its devices, so if your smartphone of choice is an iPhone, you probably expect that it comes with a certain level of protection. But if you want to increase your privacy, using a reliable and well-tested VPN, can come in handy. Without a virtual private network, your internet service provider can track your browsing habits on both iOS and MacOS, and other sites can collect your IP address. By itself, an iPhone can’t prevent either of those things, but the best iPhone VPN can. 

Luckily, your iPhone VPN options are better than ever before. While not every VPN service is going to pair seamlessly with iOS’ distinct controls, Apple-focused VPN apps are becoming increasingly popular among leading VPN providers.  

The mobile VPN market has been booming over the past few years, according to the most recent trend reports available. Over 480 million people downloaded a mobile VPN between 2019 and 2020, a report from research firm Top10VPN showed. That’s a whopping 54% increase from the previous year. While 84% of those downloads were free VPN services, we strongly urge you to avoid using a free VPN, as not only are they limited in their usefulness, but they nearly always come with unforeseen risks. Instead, it’s best to stick with a tried-and-true paid VPN whenever possible. That’s what you’ll find here in our guide to the best iPhone VPN apps. 

One caveat worth noting is that there are currently some limits to the privacy VPN clients provide to iOS users. Recent independent research showed that iOS (and some MacOS) users’ browsing and internet data may be sent to Apple despite the protections offered by an encrypted VPN tunnel. We’ll continue to update our VPN recommendations as more information emerges about this issue.  

This list is essentially a subset of our main best VPN list, but specifically focuses on VPN clients for anyone looking for mobile browsing protection for their iPhone or other iOS device. If and when a service is ranked higher here than on our main VPN list, it’s because the mobile app experience was superior.(You can check out our recommendations for the best Android VPNs, too.) Keep in mind that this is an evolving list: We’re actively working on more research and hands-on testing, so check back regularly as we expect this list to change periodically. Here are the top VPN apps for iPhone that we’ve tested so far this year. 

Surfshark

  • Latest tests: Zero data leaks and 19% internet speed loss in fall 2022 tests
  • Network: 3,200-plus in 99 countries
  • Jurisdiction: Netherlands
  • Price: Unlimited connections for $48 for the first year (then $60 annually) or $13 per month. 2-year subscriptions available. 

Surfshark boasts an impressive suite of privacy and security features, unlimited simultaneous connections, easy-to-use interface and expansive global network. And it’s still significantly cheaper than most of its competitors. That’s what helped Surfshark earn CNET’s Editors’ Choice for Best Value VPN in 2022.

Along with standard VPN features such as a kill switch and DNS leak protection, some of the more notable Surfshark features include camouflage mode (which hides the fact you’re using a VPN), split-tunneling, NoBorders mode (which lets you use Surfshark in regions where VPNs are restricted) and multihop VPN connections. You’ll also get access to Surfshark’s CleanWeb technology, which blocks ads and malware and helps you avoid phishing attacks. 

One innovation we’re excited to see Surfshark roll out over the next year is its Nexus network, which connects the VPN’s entire network of servers together and allows you to choose multiple servers to route your connection through. The functionality is somewhat similar to Tor, but Surfshark says it’s faster. With its Dynamic MultiHop, IP Randomizer and IP Rotator functions, the Nexus network can give you a few extra layers of protection while you use the VPN — which can be particularly beneficial to users with critical privacy needs. 

Surfshark says it doesn’t log any user activity. And although no-logging claims are virtually impossible to prove with 100% certainty, German cybersecurity firm Cure53 declared Surfshark’s security to be “solid” in its 2021 security audit of the VPN. Surfshark says a new audit is forthcoming by the end of this year. 

As of February 2022, both Surfshark and NordVPN have the same corporate parent (Tesonet), but Surfshark said it is legally bound not to share any information between the entities that would go against its privacy policy or terms of service. We didn’t find any language in either document that would indicate Surfshark has any obligation to share user data with its parent company or any sibling companies, which include NordVPN. 

Surfshark rates consistently as one of the fastest VPNs available. Which is why we were surprised that one of the only issues we had with Surfshark came in our speed test. While it still ranks as one of the fastest VPNs we’ve tested — with an internet speed loss of just 19% — we were disappointed with the inconsistent speed results we got to certain locations. Speeds to Europe and Singapore were erratic (dipping as low as 9Mbps to Singapore), while speeds to New York were slower than speeds to the UK and even Australia. Surfhark is in the process of significantly expanding its server network, now offering more than 3,200 servers in 99 countries. The continued expansion of its server network could potentially help bring some more consistency to the VPN’s speeds. 

In our tests, Surfshark had no problems unblocking Netflix and Amazon Prime Video content, but we did run into a fair bit of trouble accessing Disney Plus. After testing various servers in the US and other countries where Disney Plus is available, we were finally able to access the content when we connected to a server in Boston. You may need to test a few servers yourself before gaining access to Disney Plus content with Surfshark.

Surfshark offers cheaper introductory prices that jump after the first billing cycle. Even so, Surfshark manages to keep its prices lower than most other VPNs — helping it earn CNET’s Editors’ Choice for Best Value. The yearly plan starts out at $48 for the first year, then jumps to $60 for any additional years of service. If you opt for the two-year plan, you’ll pay $60 up front for the initial two years combined, then $60 per year for any additional years. Surfshark’s monthly plan stays constant at $13 a month. If you’re not satisfied with the service for any reason, Surfshark offers a 30-day money-back guarantee.

Read our Surfshark VPN review.

 

Surfshark VPN
  • Best value VPN in 2022
  • Lots of unique security features
  • Unlimited simultaneous connections
  • RAM-only server network

84% off with 24-mo plan (+2 free months)

Screenshot by David Gewirtz/CNET

  • Latest tests: No leaks detected, 2% speed loss in spring 2022 tests
  • Network: 3,000-plus servers in 160 locations across 94 countries
  • Jurisdiction: British Virgin Islands
  • Price: 5 simultaneous connections for $13 per month, $60 for six months or $100 for a year (current discount: 3 months free). 2-year subscriptions available.

ExpressVPN is currently the fastest VPN we’ve tested in 2022, causing us to lose less than 2% of our total internet speeds. Its apps for iOS and Android are designed with a streamlined approach aimed at connecting fast without a fuss. A single button on its landing screen directs you to connect quickly, with the only accompanying option a drop-down server location selector with your fastest nearby city selected by default. 

ExpressVPN’s other options — its security and privacy tools, account and setting iOS‘s options, and support page — are all kept neatly tucked away under a garden variety three-bar icon in the screen’s top left corner. And they’re worth checking into. ExpressVPN has included an on-board IP address checker, along with two leak testers and a password generator.

In the past year, ExpressVPN increased its independent third-party audit count, published details about its TrustedServer deployment process, joined the i2Coalition to call for improved VPN industry ethics, and released an open source Lightway encryption protocol.

All of our top-rated VPNs have wide compatibility across platforms and operating systems, but ExpressVPN’s collection of setup guides, detailed FAQs and troubleshooting articles give it a clear advantage for users. So does its 24/7 customer support, and its no-questions-asked, 30-day money back guarantee. 

The company has been in business since 2009, and ExpressVPN has a substantial network of more than 3,000 RAM-only servers spread across 160 locations in 94 countries. ExpressVPN’s best plan offers five simultaneous connections for $100 a year (which includes three extra months, for a limited-time deal totaling 15 months of service). You can also opt for a $13 per-month plan, or pay $60 for six months.

Read our ExpressVPN review.

 

ExpressVPN
  • Current fastest VPN we’ve tested
  • Unblocks Netflix, great for gaming and P2P
  • Solid security and transparency, zero leaks
  • Excellent customer support, easy refunds

49% off with 12-mo plan (+3 free months)

NordVPN

  • Latest tests: No leaks detected, 13% speed loss in summer 2022 tests

  • Network: 5,600-plus servers in 84 locations across 59 countries
  • Jurisdiction: Panama

  • Price: 6 simultaneous connections for $12 per month, or $60 for a year (current discount: 3 months free). 2-year subscriptions available.

NordVPN is one of the most recognized brands in the VPN field. It offers a generous simultaneous connection count, with six simultaneous connections through its network, where nearly all other providers offer five or fewer. NordVPN also offers a dedicated IP option, for those looking for a different level of VPN connection, and the ability to VPN into Tor. More than half of Nord’s 5,000-plus server fleet is optimized for peer-to-peer sharing, though Nord has blocked torrenting in 14 countries.

In our latest test rounds we noticed a few hiccups in Nord’s killswitch when using its iOS app, which could be a concern for torrenters. However, Nord has a sideloaded iOS available on its website that it recommends for users. In our most recent speed tests, NordVPN’s performance recovered from middling speed scores of 2021 and zoomed back into the ranks of the fastest VPNs we’ve tested, causing us to lose just 13% of base internet speeds. 

NordVPN doesn’t accept PayPal payments, but you can purchase a subscription with any major credit or debit card, AmazonPay, Google Pay or ACH transfer. If you’d rather pay anonymously, you can pay with a variety of cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether and Dogecoin. NordVPN has also partnered with a handful of retail stores like Staples, BestBuy and Walmart where you can even purchase your VPN with cash.

Read our NordVPN review.

 

NordVPN
  • Among the fastest VPNs
  • Tons of features
  • Diskless RAM-only server infrastructure
  • Solid encryption

63% off with 24-mo plan (+extra months)

Screenshot by David Gewirtz/CNET

  • Latest tests: DNS leaks detected, 58% speed loss in spring 2022 tests
  • Network: 2,000-plus servers in 75 locations across 52 countries
  • Jurisdiction: United States
  • Price: Unlimited connections for $11 per month, $16 for 3 months ($30 quarterly after the first 3 months), or $48 for a year ($90 annually after the first year). 

A big win for IPVanish is its fun, configurable interface, which makes it an ideal client for those who are interested in learning how to understand what a VPN does under the hood. With its iOS app, IPVanish manages to pack the same extensive suite of digital knobs and dials into a smaller screen to impressive effect. 

If you’re looking for the ability to do some precision-tuning to your VPN connection, IPVanish is a solid bet. From generating visual graphs of your internet activity to a bevy of switches controlling split-tunneling, LAN connection allowance and more — IPVanish is an iOS app for the methodical tech tweaker who enjoys having exact control over their mobile traffic. 

While IPVanish isn’t the fastest VPN, the 58% speed loss we measured in our most recent speed tests is about on par with most VPN providers. However, we noticed that IPVanish’s Quick Connect feature doesn’t always connect you to the best available server, so you may need to optimize your speeds by connecting manually to a server showing a lighter load. In IPVanish’s iOS app, you can check the current load of each server by tapping on Locations and tapping the number next to each city.

IPVanish’s monthly plan costs $11 per month, but you can get a discount on its yearly plan now for $40 for the first year. However, that yearly plan jumps to $90 for any subsequent years of service. You can also opt for a quarterly plan that costs just over $13 for the first three months, then $30 for each three-month period thereafter. The provider offers a 30-day money-back guarantee, but only if you purchase the yearly plan — which could be a disappointment to anyone who purchased a monthly or quarterly subscription and decided they didn’t like the service. That said, the company gets kudos for allowing unlimited simultaneous connections. We also liked its connection kill switch feature, a must for anyone serious about protecting their privacy while surfing. 

Read our IPVanish review.

 

IPVanish
  • Unlimited simultaneous connections
  • Simple, user-friendly interface
  • Competitive speeds
  • 24/7 customer support with live chat and phone support

66% off with 12-mo plan

What’s the best iPhone VPN right now?

Thanks to its impressive performance and unlimited device support, Surfshark is our current top pick for the best iPhone VPN. ExpressVPN is a close second among our picks and offers a simple and effective iPhone VPN app. It isn’t the cheapest, but it’s among the fastest of all the VPN options. NordVPN, our third choice, is a die-hard heavy-hitter. It costs more than Surfshark but less than Express, has a network of servers that’s constantly getting faster and more secure, and is easily the most reliable service we’ve tested. No matter which VPN you choose, however, keep in mind that recent independent research has emerged suggesting iOS (and some MacOS) users’ browsing and internet data may still be sent to Apple despite the protections offered by an encrypted VPN tunnel. We will continue to update our recommendations as more information and research surface around this issue. 

What is a mobile VPN?

Use a mobile-friendly VPN to avoid slower speeds and ensure greater data privacy for your whole device. Mobile VPNs generally have a smaller memory footprint, and require less processing power than desktop VPNs, so they run faster and save more battery. Our top three VPNs listed above all have excellent, easy-to-use mobile app options for their services. Some VPNs will only work with one type of platform — like Apple or Android — and some are universally compatible. To find the right mobile VPN for you, check out our other mobile-specific VPN guides below. We routinely update them with our retesting information so check back often. 

What’s the best free VPN?

We don’t recommend opting for a free VPN because they can be risky to use unless they are the free tier of service provided by a premium VPN. Free VPNs usually make money by selling user data, and some have even been found to be riddled with malware — which is the exact opposite of what you want from a VPN. On top of that, free VPNs are often slow, impose restrictive usage and data limits, offer a minimal selection of servers and are generally less secure than paid VPNs. Most won’t work with streaming services, either. Check out CNET’s list of the best cheap VPNs if you want to find a premium, budget-friendly VPN.

Can you get in trouble for using a VPN?

You normally don’t have to worry about getting into any legal trouble just for using a VPN — unless you’re in a country like China or Iran where VPN use is banned or illegal. In most parts of the world, using a VPN is perfectly legal. If you’re in a country where VPN use is restricted in any way, you’ll need to connect to an obfuscated server. Doing so will disguise your VPN traffic as regular HTTPS internet traffic, so authorities won’t know you’re using a VPN in the first place. 

What does my ISP/mobile carrier see when I’m connected to my VPN?

Your internet service provider or mobile carrier (depending on whether you’re connected to Wi-Fi or using mobile data) will see that you’re connected to a VPN, but it will not be able to see any of your internet activity like the websites you visit or browsing history since your traffic is encrypted. It will also see things like the IP address of the VPN server you’re connected to, the timestamps of when you’re connected and the amount of data you’ve transmitted. If you want to hide your VPN usage from your ISP or mobile carrier, you can connect to an obfuscated server, if offered by your VPN. 

More VPN advice

Technologies

Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang emerges as Trump’s top ally in AI safety debate

Jensen Huang’s position as the leader of the world’s most valuable company, has earned him Trump’s ear on the most important topics in AI.

With the debate about regulating artificial intelligence raging in Washington this week, President Donald Trump picked up the phone to call his top ally on the subject: Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang.

“The robots are not going to be taking over the world,” Trump told Huang, who’d put the president on speaker while on stage at the All-In Summit in Los Angeles on Monday. Trump repeated a point he’d made on social media: that mounting AI and data center concerns are a “hoax.”

While other tech leaders like Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg and Amazon founder Jeff Bezos have cozied up to Trump during his second term, experts told CNBC that Huang is exercising outsized influence in the White House. He’s slated to attend Trump’s high-profile state dinner for Chinese President Xi Jinping next week, according to a person familiar with the matter who asked not to be named due to confidentiality.

Nvidia has been powering the AI boom since before the launch of ChatGPT in late 2022, supplying the graphics processing units used by OpenAI, Anthropic and others to train their models and run large workloads. Revenue surged to $215 billion in the latest fiscal year, up from $17 billion in 2021.

Huang’s position as the leader of the world’s most valuable company and the chipmaker at the heart of the AI boom has earned him the president’s ear on the most important AI topics.

“Trump just likes winners, and Jensen’s very good at speaking his language,” Samuel Hammond, director of AI policy at the think tank Foundation for American Innovation, said in an interview.

An Nvidia spokesperson declined to comment, and White House representatives didn’t respond to a request for comment.

Whether joining Trump for a candlelit dinner at his Mar-a-Lago club in Florida, or closing a keynote by thanking guests for “making America great again,” Huang has learned how to appeal to the president. Trump and Huang have appeared together at least six times in public since the start of the second term, including trips to Saudi Arabia and the U.K., and a recent trip to China via Air Force One.

Huang is pushing for U.S. AI to move faster while some of Nvidia’s most important customers — namely OpenAI and Anthropic — are ramping up pressure on governments to regulate the technology as fears spread about its potential dangers.

An Anthropic researcher, Jacob Coxon, who previously worked at OpenAI, said he quit his job earlier this month because he feared top AI labs are “gambling with our lives.” Coxon’s resignation set off a firestorm on social media, prompting calls for increased oversight from more than 20 members of Congress.

Concerns were already swirling after OpenAI disclosed a significant security incident in July, when two of its models escaped containment, accessed the open internet, and breached the online AI repository Hugging Face to get a better score on a benchmark test.

Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei cited that episode in a bombshell essay a week ago, urging AI developers to slow how quickly they improve their most advanced AI models. Amodei encouraged companies to cooperate directly with the U.S. government, and reiterated his desire for “well-considered regulation of AI.”

Amodei’s “pacing” proposal was endorsed by other industry leaders, including OpenAI CEO Sam Altman, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk and Google DeepMind Chair Demis Hassabis, who agreed on the need for a slowdown and additional oversight.

‘Did no harm’

Huang took a different position.

In public appearances over the past week, the Nvidia CEO brushed off concerns about AI’s risks. He said that predictions of doom aren’t grounded in science, and that model developers are responsible for securing their products before releasing them.

The solution to safety concerns, Huang said in Scotland on Thursday, is “good old-fashioned engineering.”

“There were incidents, and those incidents, thankfully, did no harm,” Huang said.

Huang’s position is largely shared publicly by David Sacks, a venture capitalist who previously served as Trump’s AI and crypto czar. Sacks co-hosts the “All-In” Podcast, which produced Monday’s event that featured the Trump-Huang call.

“The only control or ‘guardrails’ that AI needs is a STRONG AND SMART (High IQ!) PRESIDENT, and the U.S.A. has that, in spades!,” Trump wrote in a post on Truth Social on the same day as the summit.

Before the recent uproar over safety, Nvidia focused its Washington outreach on export controls.

Last year, Nvidia was pushing to sell its AI chips to restricted countries, including China, drawing sharp criticism from U.S. lawmakers.

Some members of Congress, including Sens. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., and Josh Hawley, R-Mo., have cautioned that selling Nvidia hardware to China could threaten U.S. national security and narrow America’s lead in AI.

In December, Huang’s strategy paid off. Trump announced that Nvidia was granted permission to ship its H200 chip to Chinese customers, and that the U.S. would collect a 25% fee in exchange.

The H200 announcement drew intense pushback from both sides of the aisle. Huang declined an invitation from Warren to testify before the Senate Banking Committee in June. The following month, a top U.S. trade official confirmed that H200 sales to China were underway.

Profit motive

Nvidia and Huang argued that banning Nvidia exports to China would be against American interests, in part because such a move would spur the world’s second-largest economy and computing market to develop its own cutting-edge AI chips. The H200 is no longer Nvidia’s most powerful chip, as it has shipped two generations of its newer Blackwell processors in the U.S.

But Nvidia’s fate wasn’t entirely up to U.S. lawmakers, as China’s regulators mostly blocked imports of the H200 chips.

Nvidia’s clear profit motive leads some experts to say it takes the concerns expressed by model developers more seriously than those of the chipmaker, because the labs are the ones responsible for the actual AI technology.

“Nvidia is the most aggressive in terms of, let’s just make money,” said Andrew Yoon, a researcher at CivAI, a nonprofit warning about the dangers of AI. “At every turn, they are really trying to just make sure whatever happens is good for Nvidia’s bottom line.”

Nvidia’s ambitions in China will loom large during the state dinner on Thursday, when Trump, Huang and Xi will all be in the same room. The White House is also planning a meeting with major AI executives to coincide with the event, according to CNN. Other industry executives, including Altman, are expected to attend.

But Huang’s presence carries extra weight. During a House hearing on Monday, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent was asked if Trump understands the threat AI presents.

“I would just say the president is completely aligned with Jensen Huang, the CEO of Nvidia,” Bessent said.

WATCH: Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang says safety is an engineering problem

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Technologies

Iranian President Pezeshkian to travel to New York for UN summit as Trump threatens consequences of no agreement

Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian is set to attend the UN General Assembly in New York as diplomatic hopes rise, even as U.S. President Donald Trump warns of severe consequences if no deal is reached.

President Masoud Pezeshkian is set to lead an Iranian delegation at the United Nations General Assembly in New York on Tuesday, as fresh optimism emerges for a diplomatic resolution to the Middle East conflict.

According to the semi-official Tasnim news agency, Pezeshkian will deliver a speech before the assembly, outlining Iran’s stance on “international developments,” with special attention to its conflict with the U.S. and Israel.

He is also expected to meet with several world leaders on the margins of the gathering, which runs from Sept. 22 to 26, and Sept. 28.

The Iranian delegation’s participation at the UN has sparked renewed optimism for a diplomatic path out of the war, boosting market sentiment on Monday — equities climbed, oil prices softened, and global bond yields dropped sharply.

However, U.S. President Donald Trump — who has indicated willingness to meet Pezeshkian during the assembly — has warned that Iran’s economy would be devastated or its leadership eliminated if Tehran fails to reach an agreement.

Speaking to Fox News on Sunday, Trump said the only choices available were “wiping Iran out,” or allowing its economy to “rot,” unless a deal is reached.

Meanwhile, Iran’s military said its intelligence pointed to a new, large-scale strike being orchestrated by the U.S. and its allies, cautioning of “painful” retaliation throughout the Middle East. Any regional nations supporting such an attack would be considered participants in the conflict, it added.

“If the U.S. commits any error against the Islamic Republic of Iran, all its positions and interests in the region will face sustained, effective and painful strikes,” the Khatam al-Anbia Central Headquarters of Iran stated, per Tasnim.

Houthi-Saudi conflict complicates diplomacy hopes

The U.S. State Department issued a security alert over the weekend, warning of potential unforeseen escalation in the Middle East and urging Americans to stay vigilant and prepare for possible flight cancellations and airspace closures.

The alerts followed claims by Iran-backed Houthi militants of missile and drone strikes on Riyadh on Saturday, which triggered the first air-raid warning in the Saudi capital since hostilities intensified in July.

Saudi officials reported that a ballistic missile was intercepted and destroyed, with no casualties or damage. The Houthis also tried to strike civilians and infrastructure across multiple areas of the kingdom, according to Saudi-led coalition spokesperson Major-General Turki al-Maliki, who posted on X on Saturday that those attempts were repelled by the country’s air defenses.

Despite widening hostilities, oil prices have retreated in recent days as traders anticipate a recovery in energy shipments from oil-rich Saudi Arabia.

Oil prices will stay elevated despite U.S. advances in moving oil through the Strait of Hormuz, a team of analysts at Eurasia Group noted in a Saturday report. Any increase in oil flows would be insufficient to close the overall market deficit, they said, projecting Brent prices to trade in a higher range of $90-110 per barrel for the remainder of this year.

“Iran’s leadership will stick with resistance, even as they quarrel internally,” the consultancy firm stated, noting that Tehran aims to use military proxies and tanker attacks to maintain a chokehold on shipping flows and pressure Washington into concessions.

Tehran has maintained it will not reopen the Strait of Hormuz until Washington honors its commitments under the June memorandum, which called for lifting the naval blockade of Iranian ports, easing sanctions, unfreezing Iranian assets, and ending U.S. military threats.

Iranian parliament speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf said Sunday that Iran must continue both fighting and negotiating to push back its adversaries, and only pursue diplomacy when it holds the advantage on the battlefield.

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Technologies

Oil prices drop below $100 per barrel as Trump shows willingness to engage with Iran

Oil prices fell below $100 per barrel as Trump expressed openness to diplomacy with Iran, amid ongoing regional tensions and attacks.

On Monday, crude oil prices saw a sharp decline, trading below $100 per barrel, after President Donald Trump reportedly opted against bombing Yemen for the time being and signaled openness to diplomacy with Iran. U.S. West Texas Intermediate futures decreased by 5.4% to $94.85 per barrel by 10:48 a.m. ET. Brent crude, the international benchmark, experienced a fall of 4.1% to $99.61 per barrel. Oil prices have declined for four consecutive sessions as the market retreats from the recent rally. Trump informed Fox News that he might be willing to meet with Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian during this week’s UN General Assembly. Additionally, the U.S. president has chosen not to bomb Iran-allied Houthi militants at present, despite appeals from Saudi Arabia, according to Trump administration officials who spoke to The New York Times. In the meantime, crude exports from the Middle East have remained resilient following Saudi Arabia’s shutdown of its crucial East-West pipeline due to attacks, as stated by JPMorgan analysts in a note dated Sept. 18. Total oil flows averaged 17 million barrels per day over the past 10 days, which is 6 million bpd below the 2025 average, they reported. Exports through the Strait of Hormuz have steadily increased, with flows from the broader Middle East reaching approximately 80% of pre-war levels, according to Ryan McKay, director of commodity strategy at TD Securities. McKay stated in a Monday note that without a major escalation, Iran may have lost significant leverage in the Strait. However, the security situation in the region continues to be volatile and susceptible to sudden escalation. McKay noted that the oil market is struggling with multiple near-term drivers that are engaged in a tug of war for prices. The Houthis announced that they launched missiles at Riyadh, the Saudi capital, and targeted Aramco facilities at the Yanbu crude export terminal on the Red Sea over the weekend. At least two tankers have been attacked while transiting the Strait of Hormuz in the past day, based on incident reports from the United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations Centre. Trump also told Fox that he is in a ‘deciding mode’ and that ‘very big things’ will happen soon concerning the Iran war. He described the options as ‘wiping Iran out, letting them rot economically, or making a deal,’ as reported by Fox. Meanwhile, Iran’s Revolutionary Guard warned that it will expand the ‘geography of the conflict’ if the U.S. launches renewed strikes against the Islamic Republic, according to the state media outlet Tasnim.

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