Technologies

Cloudflare CEO Apologizes for ‘Unacceptable’ Outage and Explains What Went Wrong

For several hours Tuesday, a significant portion of the internet was unavailable in Cloudflare’s worst outage since 2019.

The Cloudflare outage on Tuesday that disrupted access to many websites and services — including OpenAI, Spotify, X, Grindr, Letterboxd and Canva — was the company’s worst outage since 2019, CEO Matthew Prince says.

Other disruptions have centered on specific network features, Prince wrote in a blog post. «But in the last 6+ years we’ve not had another outage that has caused the majority of core traffic to stop flowing through our network.»

Cloudflare is a cloud services and cybersecurity company based in San Francisco that is used by approximately 20% of all websites, according to W3Techs. It’s one of a handful of services, along with Amazon Web Services, CrowdStrike and Fastly (all of which have experienced major outages in the past few years) that you might never have heard of, but that provide essential internet infrastructure.

The bulk of sites and services impacted by Tuesday’s outage, which began around 3:30 a.m. PT, seemed to recover within just over three hours. By the end of the day, everything had returned to normal, and Cloudflare set about explaining what went wrong. Here’s what you need to know.

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What caused the Cloudflare outage?

Cloudflare was keen to emphasize that the outage was not caused either directly or indirectly by a cyberattack. At first the company did suspect it might have originated from a «hyper-scale DDoS attack,» Prince said in his blog post. But it turned out that the outage resulted from an internal software failure.

A change in one of Cloudflare’s databases generated a larger-than-expected feature file, which was too big for the company’s software to run, said Prince. This caused the software to fail.

Once Cloudflare identified the problem, it was able to replace the problematic file with an earlier version and get most traffic flowing normally again by 6:30 a.m. PT.

«We are sorry for the impact to our customers and to the Internet in general,» said Prince. «Given Cloudflare’s importance in the Internet ecosystem any outage of any of our systems is unacceptable. That there was a period of time where our network was not able to route traffic is deeply painful to every member of our team. We know we let you down today.»

Which sites and services were impacted?

Cloudflare has a massive range of clients across the internet, ranging from websites that are household names to smaller services you might not have heard of. Due to its size, when it went down, it took many of those sites and services with it.

Among those affected by the outage was Downdetector, which is where most people go to report problems when services are offline. (Downdetector is owned by the same parent company as CNET, Ziff Davis.)

Once it got back up and running, Downdetector said that it received over 2.1 million reports during the outage period. Over 435,000 of these came from the US, with the UK, Japan and Germany appearing to be the countries that were next most affected.

Most of the reports pertained to Cloudflare, but other affected companies also received a significant number of reports. They include X (320,549 reports), League of Legends (130,260 reports), OpenAI (81,077 reports), Spotify (93,377 reports) and Grindr (25,031 reports).

How did the outage unfold?

Cloudflare first acknowledged the outage at 3:48 a.m. PT. The company issued a statement on its system status page saying that it was aware of the problem.

«Cloudflare is aware of, and investigating an issue which impacts multiple customers: Widespread 500 errors, Cloudflare Dashboard and API also failing,» it said. «We are working to understand the full impact and mitigate this problem. More updates to follow shortly.»

At 5:09 a.m. PT, the company said the issue had been identified and a fix was being implemented. In the subsequent hours, errors began to drop and services gradually came back online.

Cloudflare added at 9:14 a.m. PT that most services had returned to normal. «A full post-incident investigation and details about the incident will be made available asap,» it said.

Is the internet stable and reliable?

The Cloudflare outage comes just one month after Amazon Web Services went down, causing havoc across the internet. The AWS outage affected sites including Reddit, Snapchat, Roblox and Fortnite, sparking many to ask whether having such huge swaths of the internet reliant on a few centralized services is sensible or safe.

«The Cloudflare outage is not explicitly caused or linked to the AWS or Azure outages last month, but like those failures, it shows the impact of concentration risk,» said Brent Ellis, principal analyst at Forrester Research. «In this case, the 3 hour 20 minute outage could have direct and indirect losses of around $250 million to $300 million when you consider the cost of down-time and the downstream effects of services like Shopify or Etsy that host the stores for tens to hundreds of thousands of businesses.»

The disruption to services from ChatGPT maker OpenAI in particular highlighted concerns about the growing investment in artificial intelligence and the fragility of the cloud infrastructure that AI relies upon to function every day.

«The most dominant platform did not buckle because of simultaneous queries or the release of a new competitive model, but because of a problem with Cloudflare, a web security and performance provider,» said Sarah Kreps, director of the Tech Policy Institute at Cornell University. «The issue exposes the reality that this multibillion, even trillion-dollar investment in AI is only as reliable as its least scrutinized third-party infrastructure.»

Technologies

Tom Cruise and Brad Pitt Trade Blows in Latest AI Slop Video, and Hollywood Won’t Stand for It

While some Hollywood icons are feeling doom and gloom over the AI-generated clip, labor unions are fighting back with legal threats.

Brad Pitt and Tom Cruise are trading blows in a viral AI-generated clip on social media, sparking backlash from the film industry. Chinese company ByteDance’s new video generation model, Seedance 2.0, allowed people to create fictional videos of real likenesses with short prompts. Irish filmmaker Ruairi Robinson used two lines to generate the clip of Pitt and Cruise fighting.

If ByteDance sounds familiar to you, it’s because the company also owns TikTok internationally, though it recently sold its US ownership of the social media and video-sharing platform to US companies. Oracle, MGX and Silver Lake each hold a 15% stake.

The actors in this latest viral AI slop video still don’t look like perfect re-creations — close-up shots of the fake Brad Pitt’s face, especially, have an «uncanny valley,» dreamlike AI look where the cuts blend into his flesh a little too smoothly. However, a CNET survey from earlier Tuesday showed that while 94% of US adults believe they encounter AI slop on social media, just 44% say they’re confident they can tell real videos from AI-generated ones.

One of the most inflammatory parts of the Pitt-Cruise video is the dialogue, as the computerized facsimiles of the actors fight over a supposed assassination plot regarding Jeffrey Epstein, the convicted sex offender who maintained ties to rich and powerful people worldwide. The two actors’ likenesses became a vehicle to push conspiracy theories that have been picking up steam as the millions of pages of redacted emails, receipts and other documents that make up the Epstein files continue to trickle out of the US Department of Justice.

Hollywood is fighting back as AI-generated content consumes and spits out actor likenesses and copyrighted content alike. Major studios and their labor forces alike have united to push back against the precedent set by the viral AI video.

According to The Hollywood Reporter, the Motion Picture Association demanded that ByteDance «immediately cease its infringing activity» through Seedance. SAG-AFTRA, the labor union that represents Hollywood performers, released a statement on Friday saying it «stands with the studios» in condemning the Seedance video generation model.

The Screen Actors Guild specifically pointed to Seedance’s unauthorized use of members’ faces, likenesses and voices as a threat that could put actors out of work.

«Seedance 2.0 disregards law, ethics, industry standards and basic principles of consent,» the actors’ guild said in its statement.

Representatives for the MPA and SAG-AFTRA didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.

Similar videos generated by Seedance have depicted Star Wars characters dueling with lightsabers as well as Marvel superheroes Spider-Man and Captain America brawling. Disney issued a cease-and-desist order to ByteDance on Friday in response to these videos, which it alleges constitute copyright infringement, according to the BBC.

A representative for ByteDance didn’t immediately respond to CNET’s request for comment, but issued a statement to the BBC saying it is «taking steps to strengthen current safeguards as we work to prevent the unauthorized use of intellectual property and likeness by users.»

Following the viral incident, ByteDance updated its tool to prevent people from uploading images of real people for AI-generated content, but it remains to be seen how effective that policy will be. Certainly, it won’t curb the output of videos depicting fictional masked or anthropomorphic characters like Spider-Man or Mickey Mouse.

As AI models continue to create mediocre copies of cultural icons, this won’t be the first — or last — legal battleground for AI video generation.

Technologies

Today’s NYT Connections Hints, Answers and Help for Feb. 18, #983

Here are some hints and the answers for the NYT Connections puzzle for Feb. 18 #983.

Looking for the most recent Connections answers? Click here for today’s Connections hints, as well as our daily answers and hints for The New York Times Mini Crossword, Wordle, Connections: Sports Edition and Strands puzzles.

Today’s NYT Connections puzzle was great fun for me, as I’m the co-author of two pop-culture encyclopedias, one about the 1970s, and 1980s and the other about the 1990s. Two of the categories are retro-themed! Read on for clues and today’s Connections answers.

The Times has a Connections Bot, like the one for Wordle. Go there after you play to receive a numeric score and to have the program analyze your answers. Players who are registered with the Times Games section can now nerd out by following their progress, including the number of puzzles completed, win rate, number of times they nabbed a perfect score and their win streak.

Read more: Hints, Tips and Strategies to Help You Win at NYT Connections Every Time

Hints for today’s Connections groups

Here are four hints for the groupings in today’s Connections puzzle, ranked from the easiest yellow group to the tough (and sometimes bizarre) purple group.

Yellow group hint: Farrah hair.

Green group hint: Totally tubular!

Blue group hint: Bock-bock!

Purple group hint: Can refer to a dairy product or a cosmetic.

Answers for today’s Connections groups

Yellow group: Retro hair directives.

Green group: Retro slang for cool.

Blue group: Chicken descriptors.

Purple group: ____ cream.

Read more: Wordle Cheat Sheet: Here Are the Most Popular Letters Used in English Words

What are today’s Connections answers?

The yellow words in today’s Connections

The theme is retro hair directives. The four answers are crimp, curl, feather and tease.

The green words in today’s Connections

The theme is retro slang for cool. The four answers are bad, fly, rad and wicked.

The blue words in today’s Connections

The theme is chicken descriptors. The four answers are bantam, crested, free-range and leghorn.

The purple words in today’s Connections

The theme is ____ cream. The four answers are heavy, shaving, sour and topical.

Technologies

Today’s Wordle Hints, Answer and Help for Feb. 18, #1705

Here are hints and the answer for today’s Wordle for Feb. 18, No. 1,705.

Looking for the most recent Wordle answer? Click here for today’s Wordle hints, as well as our daily answers and hints for The New York Times Mini Crossword, Connections, Connections: Sports Edition and Strands puzzles.

Today’s Wordle answer is a word I thought I’d seen in Wordle before, but I guess not. The letters aren’t super common, so it may take a few guesses. If you need a new starter word, check out our list of which letters show up the most in English words. If you need hints and the answer, read on.