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Researchers Discover 18 Popular VPNs Are Connected: Why This Matters

All are owned by 3 separate groups but CNET’s recommended VPNs are not on the list

Virtual private networks are popular ways to keep your online activity private and hide your physical location from your internet service provider and apps. But it’s obviously important to choose a safe and secure VPN.

Three university researchers have discovered that 18 of the most widely used VPNs have shared infrastructures with serious security flaws that could expose customers’ browsing activity and leave their systems vulnerable to corrupted data. These VPNs are among the top 100 most popular on the Google Play Store, comprising more than 700 million downloads.

Read more: Best VPN Service for 2025: Our Top Picks in a Tight Race

The peer-reviewed study by the Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium found that these VPNs, despite calling themselves independent businesses, are actually grouped into three separate families of companies.

None of CNET’s recommended VPNs — ExpressVPN, NordVPN, Surfshark, Proton VPN and Mullvad — are on the list. (If you currently don’t have a VPN, here’s why you might want to start using one.)

According to the findings, these are the three groups that contain the 18 VPNs:

  • Family A: Turbo VPN, Turbo VPN Lite, VPN Monster, VPN Proxy Master, VPN Proxy Master Lite, Robot VPN, Snap VPN and SuperNet VPN
  • Family B: Global VPN, Inf VPN, Melon VPN, Super Z VPN, Touch VPN, VPN ProMaster, XY VPN and 3X VPN 
  • Family C: X-VPN and Fast Potato VPN

Researchers determined that the VPNs in Family A are shared between three providers linked to Qihoo 360, a firm identified by the US Department of Defense as a Chinese military company. The VPNs in Family B use the same IP addresses from the same hosting company.

Know your VPN’s parent company

It’s a cautionary tale about why it’s important to know who’s behind the VPN you’re using, says CNET senior writer Attila Tomaschek. 

«It’s also crucial to know what kinds of data the VPN provider is sharing with its parent company and affiliated entities,» Tomaschek said. «Some of these companies may even be compelled to log customer activity and share it with authorities, depending on the jurisdiction in which they operate.»

Despite the warnings, Tomaschek says it’s not so easy to figure out who controls your VPN. But he says there are measures that customers can take.

«Users can do a few things to help ensure the VPN they’re using is reputable,» Tomaschek says. «Check the privacy policy — specifically for terms like ‘logging,’ ‘data sharing’ or ‘data collection.’ A Google search of the provider can help determine whether the VPN has been involved in questionable activity. Read detailed, unbiased reviews from reputable sources. Be especially wary of signing on with a free VPN, even if it’s listed as a top choice in your app store.»

The PETS researchers examined the most downloaded VPNs on Android, looking for overlaps among business paperwork, web presence and codebase. After identifying code similarities, they were able to group the 18 VPNs into three groups. The study was initially spurred by VPN Pro’s own findings, «Who owns your VPN? 105 VPNs run by just 24 companies

CNET’s Tomaschek has advice for anyone who has been using one of these 18 VPNs. 

«I’d recommend deleting it from your device immediately,» he said. «If you suspect that any sensitive personal data may have been compromised, it’s a good idea to keep an eye on your credit report and look into services like dark web monitoring or identity theft protection.»

Technologies

This New Car Feature Uses AI to Keep You From Missing Your Exit

Google Maps’ live lane guidance is being integrated into Polestar’s head-up display.

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Technologies

Hurry to Nab the Baseus Bowie MH1 Headphones for Over Half Off With This Early Black Friday Deal

This deal drops the price of this premium pair to just $47, but this discount ends soon.

High-quality noise-canceling headphones can cost a pretty penny, especially if you are after adaptive ANC, all-day comfort, and a reliable battery life. Most options with all these features sit well over $100, but we just found a way to score a premium pair for less than $50.

Amazon has a solid early Black Friday deal on the Baseus Bowie MH1 headphones. You can get them for 20% off right now, which drops the price to $80. But stack that with the $25 on-page coupon and use the promo code 8JWTGEUN at checkout, and you slash another $33 off. That brings the final price down to just $47, which is a steal considering all the features you are going to enjoy.

The headphones come with cloud-soft protein leather earcups with resilient memory foam for cloud-like comfort. The pair is capable of blocking up to 99.8% of noise with –48 dB deep noise cancellation, and it adapts to your surroundings as needed.

Hey, did you know? CNET Deals texts are free, easy and save you money.

The 36mm drivers and full-range LCP diaphragms give you clear, rich sound no matter what you listen to. In addition, with Baseus Immersive Spatial Acoustics, the audio surrounds you for a more natural listening experience. For clearer calls, the headphones also pack 5-mic sound sensors with AI-powered voice enhancement and wind-noise reduction. You won’t have to repeat yourself constantly.

Battery-wise, you get up to 80 hours of playtime with ANC off, and 55 hours with it on. A quick 10-minute top-up can also get you up to an additional 10 hours of playback, which is great for when you’re out and about.

Why this deal matters

High-end audio gear doesn’t come cheap. This deal takes over 50% off a powerful pair of headphones, making the upgrade easy. It won’t last long, though, so it’s best to snap it up sooner rather than later.

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Technologies

Apple’s iPhone Pocket Is a $230 Gadget Mankini. We Tried It Out to Size It Up

The stretchy fabric satchel for your iPhone makes a fashion statement. CNET’s Bridget Carey wore it and waved it, and dubbed the iPhone Pocket «Apple’s Labubu.»

Remember iPod socks? Those brightly colored woolly wraps that swaddled your iPod like it was an infant? Apple sold them starting in 2004 for the better part of a decade. In things we did not have on our bingo card for 2025, Apple has decided now is the time to bring back the knitwear for the latest iPhones.

Meet the iPhone Pocket: a glorified yarn sling for your phone and whatever else you can cram in there without stretching the poor thing into oblivion. If we’re being catty, it does look a bit like a sweater you shrank in the wash and then tried to stretch out. Or maybe a mankini.

But hey, it could just be the zhuzh you’re looking for.

The iPhone Pocket is on sale now, but you can’t walk into just any old Apple Store and get it. Apple is selling it in 10 select shopping locales, like SoHo in New York, Regent Street in London, Marché Saint-Germain in Paris and Orchard Road in Singapore. Everyone else will just have to order it online like it’s from Temu.

High fashion does not come cheap. The short strap design will set you back $150, while the long strap version costs $230.


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Getting our hands on an iPhone Pocket

On Friday, the first day the iPhone Pocket went on sale, CNET’s Bridget Carey picked up one each of the long and short versions (blue and pink, respectively) at the Apple Store in fashion-centric SoHo, the only Apple retail store selling it in the US. Customers there could go hands-on with the woven slings, giving the Pocket a stretch or sample slipping their iPhones into it.

The longer, crossbody model held Carey’s phone securely, and she felt confident wearing it around New York throughout the day. She also put it through some impromptu testing. «I’ve been swinging it around and stuffing other items in it,» she said. «I’ve even tied it around my neck as a scarf and put it on my foot as a sock.»

So far, the Pocket has kept its shape. The material has some spring to it, and Carey thinks she could take it on errands with her kids and not have to worry. But it’s not tough enough for the washing machine. Instructions inside say the Pocket is to be hand washed and should not go in the dryer.

One of Apple’s suggestions for accessorizing with the iPhone Pocket, if you’re not doing crossbody, is to tie it onto the bag you’re carrying. That was not Carey’s first inclination. «I’m not sure I would feel comfortable hanging my phone like a keychain on my bag,» she said. «But I still wanted to get a short Pocket because, well, I wanted to have a bit of fashion history. And I love pink.»

If she does go the bag-Pocket route, Carey said, «I’ll hook my Labubu off it, too. After all, this is Apple’s Labubu now, a hard-to-find fashion accessory that hangs on your bag.»

The fashion sense of the iPhone Pocket

Apple designed the iPhone Pocket in collaboration with fashion brand Issey Miyake, the designer behind the endless supply of black turtlenecks worn by Steve Jobs (and an Apple employee uniform that almost happened).

I’m no fashion expert, but fashion writer Tiffany Lo is, and she told me «the design embodies Issey Miyake’s signature pleat pattern and the idea of crafting it from a single piece of fabric. It’s instantly recognizable.»

The iPhone Pocket is a stretchy 3D-knitted pouch with ribbed textures that hugs your iPhone. It’s see-through when you tug at it, so you can glimpse your lockscreen. But Apple wants you to put more than your iPhone in this accessory. You’re encouraged to slip in AirPods, lip balm, a key fob, breath mints or any other pocketable item. The shorter iPhone Pocket is more like a wristlet bag, while the longer one turns your iPhone into a crossbody accessory.

The wearable tech pouch is certainly a fashion statement if you decide to drape it across your torso, perhaps like a sash of questionable decisions. Whether you carry it in-hand, tie it to your bag, or sling it on like a fashion-forward postman, you will definitely get some looks, perhaps confused ones. The short strap version comes in eight colors: lemon, mandarin, purple, pink, peacock, sapphire, cinnamon and black. The long strap comes only in those latter three colors.

So who is the iPhone Pocket for? Lo says it «could appeal to younger generations thanks to the design that allows users to wear it as a crossbody.» Given that Apple released crossbody straps for all its iPhones earlier this year, maybe it has some insights into what Gen Z really wants. Is it worth the $230, or even $150? Yes or no, it’s a far cry from the $29 the iPod socks went for back in the day.

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