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Psychologists Are Calling for Guardrails Around AI Use for Young People. Here’s What to Watch Out For

The American Psychological Association suggests parents help teens understand how AI works and how to use it wisely.

Generative AI developers should take steps to ensure the use of their tools doesn’t harm young people who use them, the American Psychological Association warned in a health advisory Tuesday.

The report, compiled by an advisory panel of psychology experts, called for tech companies to ensure there are boundaries with simulated relationships, to create age-appropriate privacy settings and to encourage healthy uses of AI, among other recommendations. 

The APA has issued similar advisories about technology in the past. Last year, the group recommended that parents limit teens’ exposure to videos produced by social media influencers and gen AI. In 2023, it warned of the harms that could come from social media use among young people

«Like social media, AI is neither inherently good nor bad,» APA Chief of Psychology Mitch Prinstein said in a statement. «But we have already seen instances where adolescents developed unhealthy and even dangerous ‘relationships’ with chatbots, for example. Some adolescents may not even know they are interacting with AI, which is why it is crucial that developers put guardrails in place now.»

The meteoric surge of artificial intelligence tools like OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini the last few years has presented new and serious challenges for mental health, especially among younger users. People increasingly talk to chatbots like they would talk to a friend, sharing secrets and relying on them for companionship. While that use can have some positive effects on mental health, it can also be detrimental, experts say, reinforcing harmful behaviors or offering the wrong advice. (Disclosure: Ziff Davis, CNET’s parent company, in April filed a lawsuit against OpenAI, alleging it infringed Ziff Davis copyrights in training and operating its AI systems.)

What the APA recommended about AI use

The group called for several different ways to ensure adolescents can use AI safely, including limiting access to harmful and false content and protecting data privacy and the likenesses of young users. 

One key difference between adult users and younger people is that adults are more likely to question the accuracy and intent of an AI output. A younger person (the report defined adolescents as between age 10 and 25) might not be able to approach the interaction with the appropriate level of skepticism. 

Relationships with AI entities like chatbots or the role-playing tool Character.ai might also displace the important real-world, human social relationships people learn to have as they develop. «Early research indicates that strong attachments to AI-generated characters may contribute to struggles with learning social skills and developing emotional connections,» the report said.

People in their teens and early 20s are developing habits and social skills that will carry into adulthood, and changes to how they socialize can have lifelong effects, said Nick Jacobson, an associate professor of biomedical data science and psychiatry at Dartmouth who was not on the panel that produced the report. «Those stages of development can be a template for what happens later,» he said.

The APA report called for developers to create systems that prevent the erosion of human relationships, like reminders that the bot is not a human, alongside regulatory changes to protect the interests of youths. 

Other recommendations included that there should be differences between tools intended for use by adults and those used by children, such as age-appropriate settings being made default and designs made to be less persuasive. Systems should have human oversight and intensive testing to ensure they are safe. 

Schools and policymakers should prioritize education around AI literacy and how to use the tools responsibly, the APA said. That should include discussions of how to evaluate AI outputs for bias and inaccurate information. «This education must equip young people with the knowledge and skills to understand what AI is, how it works, its potential benefits and limitations, privacy concerns around personal data, and the risks of overreliance,» the report said.

Identifying safe and unsafe AI use

The report shows psychologists grappling with the uncertainties of how a new and fast-growing technology will affect the mental health of those most vulnerable to potential developmental harms, Jacobson said. 

«The nuances of how [AI] affects social development are really broad,» he told me. «This is a new technology that is probably potentially as big in terms of its impact on human development as the internet.»

AI tools can be helpful for mental health and they can be harmful, Jacobson said. He and other researchers at Dartmouth recently released a study of an AI chatbot that showed promise in providing therapy, but it was specifically designed to follow therapeutic practices and was closely monitored. More general AI tools, he said, can provide incorrect information or encourage harmful behaviors. He pointed to recent issues with sycophancy in a ChatGPT model, which OpenAI eventually rolled back.

«Sometimes these tools connect in ways that can feel very validating, but sometimes they can act in ways that can be very harmful,» he said. 

Jacobson said it’s important for scientists to continue to research the psychological impacts of AI use and to educate the public on what they learn. 

«The pace of the field is moving so fast, and we need some room for science to catch up,» he said.

The APA offered suggestions for what parents can do to ensure teens are using AI safely, including explaining how AI works, encouraging human-to-human interactions, stressing the potential inaccuracy of health information and reviewing privacy settings. 

Technologies

Google races to put Gemini at the center of Android before Apple’s AI reboot

Google is using its latest Android rollout to position Gemini as the AI layer across phones, Chrome, laptops and cars.

Google is using its latest Android rollout to make Gemini less of a chatbot and more of an operating layer across the phone, browser, car and laptop, just weeks before Apple is expected to show its own Gemini-powered Apple Intelligence reboot at WWDC.
Ahead of its Google I/O developer conference next week, the company previewed a number of Android updates, including AI-powered app automation, a smarter version of Chrome on Android, new tools for creators, a redesigned Android Auto experience, and a sweeping set of new security features.
Alphabet is counting on Gemini to help Google compete directly with OpenAI and Anthropic in the market for artificial intelligence models and services, while also serving as the AI backbone across its expansive portfolio of products, including Android. Meanwhile, Gemini is powering part of Apple’s new AI strategy, giving Google a role in the iPhone maker’s reset even as it races to prove its own version of personal AI on the phone is further along.
Sameer Samat, who oversees Google’s Android ecosystem, told CNBC that Google is rebuilding parts of Android around Gemini Intelligence to help users complete everyday tasks more easily.
“We’re transitioning from an operating system to an intelligence system,” he said.
As part of Tuesday’s announcements. Google said Gemini Intelligence will be able to move across apps, understand what’s on the screen and complete tasks that would normally require a user to jump between multiple services. That means Android is moving beyond the traditional assistant model, where users ask a question and get an answer, and acting more like an agent.
For instance, Google says Gemini can pull relevant information from Gmail, build shopping carts and book reservations. Samat gave the example of asking Gemini to look at the guest list for a barbecue, build a menu, add ingredients to an Instacart list and return for approval before checkout.
A big concern surrounding agentic AI involves software taking action on a user’s behalf without permissions. Samat said Gemini will come back to the user before completing a transaction, adding, “the human is always in the loop.”
Four months after announcing its Gemini deal with Google, Apple is under pressure to show a more capable version of Apple Intelligence, which has been a relative laggard on the market. Apple has long framed privacy, hardware integration and control of the user experience as its advantages.
Google’s Android push is designed to show it can bring AI deeper into the device experience while still giving users control over what Gemini can see, where it can act and when it needs confirmation.
The app automation features will roll out in waves, starting with the latest Samsung Galaxy and Google Pixel phones this summer, before expanding across more Android devices, including watches, cars, glasses and laptops later this year.
The company is also redesigning Android Auto around Gemini, turning the car into another major surface for its assistant. Android Auto is in more than 250 million cars, and Google says the new release includes its biggest maps update in a decade and Gemini-powered help with tasks like ordering dinner while driving.
Alphabet’s AI strategy has been embraced by Wall Street, which has pushed the company’s stock price up more than 140% in the past year, compared to Apple’s roughly 40% gain. Investors now want to see how Gemini can become more central to the products people use every day.
WATCH: Alphabet briefly tops Nvidia after report of $200 billion Anthropic cloud deal

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Waymo recalls 3,800 robotaxis after glitch allowed some vehicles to ‘drive into standing water’

Waymo issued a voluntary recall of about 3,800 of its robotaxis to fix software issues that could allow them to drive into flooded roadways.

Waymo is recalling about 3,800 robotaxis in the U.S. to fix software issues that could allow them to “drive onto a flooded roadway,” according to a letter on the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s website.
The voluntary recall is for Waymo vehicles that use the company’s fifth and sixth generation automated driving systems (or ADS), the U.S. auto safety regulator said in the letter posted Tuesday.
Waymo autonomous vehicles in Austin, Texas, were seen on camera driving onto a flooded street and stalling, requiring other drivers to navigate around them. It’s the latest example of a safety-related issue for the Alphabet-owned AV unit that’s rapidly bolstering its fleet of vehicles and entering new U.S. markets.
Waymo has drawn criticism for its vehicles failing to yield to school buses in Austin, and for the performance of its vehicles during widespread power outages in San Francisco in December, when robotaxis halted in traffic, causing gridlock.
The company said in a statement on Tuesday that it’s “identified an area of improvement regarding untraversable flooded lanes specific to higher-speed roadways,” and opted to file a “voluntary software recall” with the NHTSA.
“Waymo provides over half a million trips every week in some of the most challenging driving environments across the U.S., and safety is our primary priority,” the company said.
Waymo added that it’s working on “additional software safeguards” and has put “mitigations” in place, limiting where its robotaxis operate during extreme weather, so that they avoid “areas where flash flooding might occur” in periods of intense rain.
WATCH: Waymo launches new autonomous system in Chinese-made vehicle

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Qualcomm tumbles 13% as semiconductor stocks retreat from historic AI-fueled surge

Semiconductor equities reversed sharply after a broad AI-driven advance, with Qualcomm suffering its worst day since 2020 amid inflation concerns and rising oil prices.

Semiconductor stocks fell sharply on Tuesday, reversing course after an extensive rally that had expanded the artificial intelligence investment theme well past Nvidia and driven the industry to unprecedented levels.

Qualcomm plunged 13% and was on track for its steepest single-day decline since 2020. Intel shed 8%, while On Semiconductor and Skyworks Solutions each lost more than 6%. The iShares Semiconductor ETF, which benchmarks the overall sector, fell 5%.

The sell-off came after a key gauge of consumer prices came in above forecasts, and as conflict in Iran pushed crude oil higher—prompting investors to shift away from riskier assets.

The preceding advance had widened the AI opportunity set beyond longtime industry leader Nvidia, which for much of the past several years had largely carried the market to new peaks on its own.

Explosive appetite for central processing units, along with the graphics processing units that power large language models, has sent chipmakers to all-time highs.

Market participants are wagering that the shift from AI model training to autonomous agents will lift demand for additional AI hardware. Among the beneficiaries are memory chip producers, which are raising prices as supply remains tight.

Micron Technology slid 6%, and Sandisk cratered 8%. Sandisk’s stock has surged more than six times over since January.

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