At Google I/O in May, Google revealed that it’s working with the Earth Fire Alliance on FireSat, a program that combines new high-resolution satellites with AI analysis to pinpoint wildfires in their earliest stages and help responders knock them down before they grow. This week the alliance released the first images captured by the initial satellite, showing how fires as small as 5-by-5 meters — about the size of a classroom — can be detected from space.

Existing satellite systems scan for fires, but at a coarser resolution. In one image from Oregon, using MWIR (Mid-Wave Infrared) heat-sensing imaging, a small roadside fire showed up as a bright speck. According to the alliance, it wasn’t detected by other space-based systems.

This example from Ontario, Canada, on June 15, 2025, shows the Nipigon 6 fire, a new blaze detected using the MWIR spectrum, but it also shows how LWIR (Long-Wave Infrared) was used to identify areas left over from a previous burn in 2020, which are heated due to a lack of vegetation. At the bottom, a false-color composite of SWIR (Short-Wave Infrared), NIR (Near-Infrared) and visible Red channels helps track the life cycle of the fire.

Currently, the Earth Fire Alliance has one protoflight satellite, built by Muon Space, aloft for testing. With three satellites in orbit, FireSat will be able to scan locations globally twice a day. And when the program is fully operational, in 2030, a network of more than 50 satellites is expected to cut that time down to 20 minutes; for areas that are more prone to fires, that interval will be every 9 to 12 minutes.

One key reason for Google’s involvement in the alliance is to sort through the massive amount of data that will be generated. Muon Space estimates that each satellite will cover 190 million square kilometers per day, and the multispectral instrument on each satellite records across six channels. With AI and software assistance from Google, the program should filter out false positives. AI is playing a larger role in fighting wildfires around the world — NASA is using its vast trove of Landsat satellite data to build predictive models of where fires are likely to erupt next.

«There are millions of things that can be mistaken for a fire,» said Chris Van Arsdale, Google Research climate and energy lead and chair of the Earth Fire Alliance board of directors. «Looking for fires becomes a game of looking for needles in a world of haystacks.»

It will also be important to prioritize fires that crews can respond to. A June 21, 2025, image of a remote area of Alaska shows a fire that wasn’t observable by ground-based sources.

In this image from Borroloola, Northern Territory, Australia from July 11, 2025, the FireSat satellite identified multiple wildfires spread over a large distance, which would help fire responders coordinate efforts.

The Earth Fire Alliance is currently working with some fire departments and other early adopters to help determine how best to parse the data and communicate with responders.

«What you’re looking at now is raw imagery that is helpful for the technologists, the scientists [and] the remote sensors,» said Kate Dargan Marquis, former California state fire marshall and senior wildfire advisor to the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, a main underwriter of the Earth Fire Alliance. «But for firefighters, we’ll build fire data products on this data.» That would include map-based tools with AI underpinnings to help them understand where and how they can make fire response decisions, she noted.

The data will eventually be made available for public resources, such as those used by the consumer app Watch Duty. Brian Collins, executive director of Earth Fire Alliance, explained that the current early adopter program includes pathways to determine how to disseminate the information being collected, be that through local dispatchers or other sources. «A very informed public can make decisions [such as when to prepare to evacuate] in advance of being told,» he said, adding that a public that understands fire is no longer scared of fire.

Although FireSat is still in its first stages and won’t be considered operational until three satellites are in orbit, in 2026, the initial data and imagery looks to be a promising tool for fighting wildfires around the globe.