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Cryptocurrency pump-and-dump schemes: Everything you should know about these scams

Don’t be the victim of a rug pull.

Cryptocurrency fans view Bitcoin, Ethereum and Dogecoin as the future of money for the globe. The underlying blockchain technology allows crypto to work by creating a digital ledger that records transactions, which would seemingly create a safer form of currency. But where there’s money to be made, scammers aren’t far behind.

Crypto pump-and-dump schemes are designed to take advantage of people while making some big money for scammers. They generally involve influencers who receive financial incentives for telling people to buy a certain digital coin in order to raise its value. Once the value goes up, the scammers and influencers sell their coins and pocket the profits, while everyone else sees their investments lose value.

These schemes mark the latest twist in the ever-changing story of cryptocurrencies, which have created some millionaires while bankrupting others through their persistent volatility. Even Dogecoin, a cryptocurrency created as a joke, garnered mainstream attention thanks to high-profile figures such as Tesla CEO Elon Musk, who said at last week’s B conference that he “pumps, but doesn’t dump.”

He’s not the only one.

Earlier this month, popular esports organization FaZe Clan suspended multiple members who participated in a crypto pump-and-dump disguised as a charity drive while taking home tens of thousands of dollars.

With cryptocurrencies becoming easier to develop, scammers are taking advantage of people who have developed FOMO, or “fear of missing out,” and are looking to jump on new crypto coins in hopes of getting rich.

Here’s what you need to know about crypto pump-and-dumps.

What is a pump-and-dump scam?

A pump and dump is a securities scam usually involving stocks. Scammers create false hype about a stock in order to generate interest. Once investors start buying shares, the price of the stock goes up. When the price reaches a certain point, the scammers behind the fake hype sell all of their shares. This causes the stock price to plummet, which leaves new investors holding the bag.

The movie The Wolf of Wall Street portrayed the infamous pump-and-dump scam conducted by Stratton Oakmont investment firm in the ’90s.

How does this scam work with cryptocurrency?

It doesn’t work much differently than with stocks. A certain crypto asset is pumped up by people in order to make the value increase.

“As the prices rise, the pump creators dump their assets into the FOMO they’ve generated, resulting in a price crash that leaves the new buyers holding a bag of the assets that now have a lower value than they were purchased at, creating significant and often unrecoverable losses,” said Douglas Horn, chief architect of Telos Core Developers.

What’s different is what’s used for the pump-and-dump. Bitcoin, Etherereum and Dogecoin are well-established cryptocurrencies, and it takes someone with the following of Musk to increase or decrease their value. However, since creating a whole blockchain system for a currency takes a lot of time and effort, those knowledgeable about coding can create their own crypto tokens, which are digital assets using an already existing blockchain like Bitcoin or Ethereum.

These tokens, also referred to as coins, can be created easily like Shiba Inu, which the developers have referred to as a “Dogecoin killer” in a tongue-in-cheek manner. Developers can also create billions of these coins, which in turn means they go for fractions of a penny. One Shiba Inu token, for example, costs $0.0000065, so you can buy 100,000 tokens for less than $1.

Since someone can create billions of tokens easily that cost hardly anything, all that’s needed is to convince enough people to buy these super cheap coins. This can be done through Discord channels, forums or social media, or by getting an influencer to promote the coin in exchange for their own trove of coins.

If the scammers have 1 billion tokens worth $0.000001 then that’s only worth $1,000. But if they can increase the value of a token by just one decimal point, their stash of coins is now worth $10,000. If they dump it quickly, that’ll cause its value to crash.

Another small difference with the crypto pump-and-dump is the term. While it’s known as a pump-and-dump, in crypto circles the scam is referred to as a “rug pull,” as in the rug was pulled right out from under the investors. Part of enticing people to buy these super cheap tokens is to say they’re “rug-proof,” which means there are measures in place to prevent people who have a large number of coins from selling them within a certain time period.

What are some examples of cryptocurrency pump-and-dumps?

In July, four members of the FaZe Clan participated in a pump-and-dump for a token called SaveTheChildren. The pro gamers, along with other influencers, pushed the coin to their followers. Once the price increased, they began selling off the tokens they were given to be part of the scam, with some making an estimated $30,000.

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Another coin called SafeTrade was sold as “rug-proof” earlier this year. Once people started buying, the organizers sold their coins and left everyone else in the dust.

A 2020 study from the University of Technology Sydney and the Stockholm School of Economics in Riga found 355 instances of crypto pump-and-dump scams over the course of seven months. The organizers of these scams made millions.

Are pump-and-dump scams illegal?

For stocks, yes. For cryptocurrency, no.

The Securities and Exchange Commission is the government regulatory agency that investigates securities scams such as insider trading and pump and dumps. It doesn’t yet have similar rules for cryptocurrency, and doesn’t plan on implementing crypto regulations, at least for 2021.

How do you avoid crypto pump-and-dumps?

It’s important to understand if FOMO is contributing to your decision on whether to invest in a cryptocurrency. It may seem like everyone is getting rich off of Bitcoin or Dogecoin, but that’s not the case.

The next is to do your homework. Crypto coins or tokens can be created fairly easily by people who understand coding. If there’s a new coin that’s supposedly going to make you rich, do some web searches to learn more. The initial coin offering, or ICO, will have a “white paper” that offers details about the coin, who’s behind it, what their objective is and so on.

Then there’s a matter of the buzz that’s being generated. A way scammers get the word out about their coin is going into spaces where people are interested in cryptocurrency, such as Discord channels, social media and forums. If all of a sudden some person starts hyping up a brand new token, there’s a good chance they’re pushing a scam.

Be wary of any influencer who you may follow who hardly mentions cryptocurrency and randomly begins promoting a token. In the case of the FaZe Clan members, they promoted coins with a social media campaign and gave out thousands of free coins to their followers, which in turn entices other followers to buy coins — FOMO strikes again. If you’re going to take financial advice, get it from a professional and not someone whose claim to fame is being good at a video game.

Last, if you’re still interested in investing, then don’t invest more than you’re willing to lose. It’s possible that with the right timing, an investor could make money off a pump-and-dump, but it’s better to assume that the money you’re using to buy tokens will be gone forever.

Technologies

Trump Maintains US‑Iran Negotiations Continue Amid Tehran’s Denials of Duplicity

President Trump insists that US‑Iran talks are ongoing despite Tehran’s denial of any negotiation plans, while warning that only a deal or total surrender will allow passage through the Strait of Hormuz. Conflicting statements from both sides have heightened uncertainty as the conflict enters its sixth month.

On Monday, President Donald Trump asserted that negotiations between the United States and Iran are still taking place, even after Tehran stated it has no intention of engaging in direct talks with Washington.

In a fiery Truth Social post, Trump labeled Iran’s leaders “unbelievably duplicitous,” claiming they are lying about ongoing peace talks “whether Iran wants to admit it or not.” He repeated his assertion that the United States completely controls the Strait of Hormuz, despite maritime traffic through the crucial route lingering at only a small fraction of pre‑conflict levels.

He wrote, “Nothing reaches Iran unless we allow it, and nothing will pass unless a deal—or total surrender—is achieved.”

Earlier that day, Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Esmail Baghaei told reporters there is no imminent plan for U.S.–Iran negotiations, contradicting Trump’s earlier comment that talks would resume Monday afternoon. Baghaei added that Iran’s only current discussions are with Oman concerning the Strait of Hormuz.

The conflicting statements have heightened uncertainty over the peace‑talk process and the broader conflict, now in its sixth month.

Trump’s assertion about new negotiations came a day after he said on Truth Social that he had agreed to cancel a massive strike against Iran “subject to being able to rapidly make a DEAL.” He said in the same post that Iran and other Middle Eastern countries had asked him to hold off on that attack because “the perimeters of a deal has been agreed to.”

Trump has claimed dozens of times throughout the more‑than‑five‑month‑long war that a deal is at hand. No permanent deal has been signed, and a temporary ceasefire reached in June has fallen apart.

Trump has also repeatedly threatened to launch devastating strikes against Iran before backing off. After the latest example, oil prices on Monday fell and stocks surged.

BMI, a research unit of Fitch Solutions, said in a note Monday that a broader diplomatic understanding on reopening the Strait of Hormuz is still achievable this quarter, while raising the probability of its escalation scenario to 35% from 25%, citing mounting military, diplomatic and economic signs of rising U.S.-Iran tensions.

“Diplomatic progress is likely to be punctuated by periodic military flare-ups, while miscalculation by either side could trigger a renewed escalation,” BMI analysts wrote in a note. The firm said the key issue to watch is the future governance of the strait, as the Iran-Oman talks — potentially backed by Gulf states, China and the U.S. — point to efforts to build a post-conflict shipping framework.

Shipping risks persist even as diplomacy appears to be advancing. The United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations Centre said it received a report of an incident 20 nautical miles (23 miles) northeast of Khasab, Oman — at the mouth of the strait — with a tanker’s master reporting an explosion in close proximity to the vessel at about 20:37 UTC Sunday (4:37 pm ET). The vessel and crew were safe and authorities are investigating, UKMTO said, advising ships to transit with caution.

The proposal Trump announced over the weekend calls for the U.S. and Iran to return to negotiations and continue ironing out some of the thorny issues that had derailed diplomatic efforts, according to The Associated Press, citing a regional official involved in the mediation efforts.

The official said the proposal also includes a reopening of the Hormuz Strait and halting attacks across the region, including by Iranian-backed militias in Iraq on the Arab Gulf countries and Jordan.

The U.S., for its part, will end its naval blockade on Iran and allow Tehran to export its oil, the official said, adding that no deal has been reached, although the mediation efforts remained underway.

Trump’s weekend reversal has lowered the temperature after days of escalating attacks across the Gulf. Kuwait said Saturday that Iranian forces launched a wave of drones within its airspace, with its military destroying multiple aircraft after Iran targeted critical infrastructure in the country’s north.

A parallel track with Muscat is also advancing. Iranian diplomats said Tehran was close to reaching a new arrangement with Oman to manage shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, a deal critical to preventing the war from escalating further, according to the Financial Times.

Iranian officials said negotiations over future management of the Hormuz Strait with Oman, which sits on the opposite shore of the waterway, are in their final stages. The agreed shipping route would be different from those used before, according to Iran’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson, Baghaei, adding that the new route was separate from the issue of the strait’s reopening or continued closure.

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Technologies

Oil Prices Slide as Trump Halts Planned Iran Strike

Oil prices dropped after Trump cancelled a planned strike on Iran, with WTI down about 5% and Brent near 5% lower. He said the move followed requests from Tehran and regional allies for a pause while a deal shaping the Strait of Hormuz and Iran’s nuclear program is negotiated.

Oil prices fell on Monday after President Donald Trump announced he had cancelled a planned strike on Iran. WTI futures dropped roughly 5% to $80.34 a barrel, while Brent slipped about 4.7% to $83.77 a barrel.

Trump said early Sunday he called off the strike after Iran and several Middle Eastern nations asked him to hold off, noting that the outlines of a deal had been agreed upon. He added that the prospective accord would entail the immediate, full opening of the Strait of Hormuz and an end to Iran’s nuclear ambitions, according to his Truth Social post.

The president had been considering another round of strikes as diplomatic hopes waned since the conflict began on February 28. He said the U.S. and Iran would meet for talks on Monday, but Iran denied any scheduled negotiations with Washington, citing PressTV. Iran’s foreign‑ministry spokesperson Esmaeil Baghaei clarified that Tehran was only discussing shipping routes through the Strait of Hormuz with Oman. In a follow‑up Truth Social message, Trump insisted that, regardless of Iran’s acknowledgment, the United States is indeed discussing a solution to a long‑standing problem created by Iran.

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Technologies

Oil Prices Drop as Trump Cancels Planned Attack on Iran

Oil prices fell sharply after President Trump announced the cancellation of a planned strike on Iran, citing a new deal that would open the Hormuz Strait and end Iran’s nuclear threat.

Oil prices fell sharply on Monday after President Donald Trump announced that he had called off a planned strike on Iran.

West Texas Intermediate futures, the U.S. benchmark, slipped roughly 5% to close at $80.34 per barrel, while Brent crude, the international benchmark, declined 4.7% to settle at $83.77 a barrel.

Trump made the announcement early Sunday, saying he had canceled the strike following requests from Tehran and other Middle Eastern countries.

In a Truth Social post, he wrote: “We have just been asked by Iran, and other Middle Eastern Countries, to hold off any attack in that the perimeters of a deal has been agreed to.”

The president indicated that the proposed agreement would include the immediate, complete, and total opening of the Hormuz Strait, as well as an end to Iran’s nuclear threat.

Trump had been weighing additional strikes amid diminishing prospects for a diplomatic resolution to the conflict that began on Feb. 28. He stated that the U.S. and Iran would hold negotiations on Monday.

Tehran denied that talks were planned with Washington, according to state news outlet PressTV.

Iran’s Foreign Ministry spokesman Esmaeil Baghaei said Tehran was only holding talks with Oman regarding the routes ships can use through the Strait of Hormuz.

In a subsequent Truth Social post, Trump added that whether “Iran wants to admit it or not, we are, in fact, talking of a solution to a problem that they have caused for decades.”

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