Technologies

Scientists Develop ‘Cellular Glue’ That Could Heal Wounds, Regrow Nerves

One day, these special synthetic molecules could also help mitigate the organ shortage crisis.

Researchers from the University of California, San Francisco announced a fascinating innovation on Monday. They call it «cellular glue» and say it could one day open doors to massive medical achievements, like building organs in a lab for transplantation and reconstructing nerves that’ve been damaged beyond the reach of standard surgical repair.

Basically, the team engineered a set of synthetic molecules that can be manipulated to coax cells within the human body to bond with one another. Together, these molecules constitute the so-called «cellular glue» and act like adhesive molecules naturally found in and around cells that involuntarily dictate the way our tissues, nerves and organs are structured and anchored together.

Only in this case scientists can voluntarily control them.

«The properties of a tissue, like your skin for example, are determined in large part by how the different cells are organized within it,» Adam Stevens, a researcher at UCSF’s Cell Design Institute and first author of a paper in the journal Nature, said in a statement. «We’re devising ways to control this organization of cells, which is central to being able to synthesize tissues with the properties we want them to have.»

Doctors could eventually use the sticky material as a viable mechanism to mend patients’ wounds, regrow nerves otherwise deemed destroyed and potentially even work toward regenerating diseased lungs, livers and other vital organs.

That last bit could lend a hand in alleviating the crisis of donor organs rapidly running out of supply. According to the Health Resources and Services Administration, 17 people in the US die each day while on the waitlist for an organ transplant, yet every 10 minutes, another person is added to that list.

«Our work reveals a flexible molecular adhesion code that determines which cells will interact, and in what way,» Stevens said. «Now that we are starting to understand it, we can harness this code to direct how cells assemble into tissues and organs.»

Ikea cells

Right after babies are born (and even when they’re still in the womb) their cells essentially find it easy to reconnect with one another when a bond is lost. This is primarily because kids are still growing, so their cells are still actively coming together. But as a consequence, that’s also why their scratches and scrapes tend to heal quite quickly.

In other words, think of children’s cell molecules as having lots of clear-cut instructions on how to put themselves together to make tissues, organs and nerves. They’re like sentient little pieces of Ikea furniture with the store’s building booklet in hand.

As people get older, however, those biological Ikea instructions get put in the attic, the team explains. That’s because, for the most part, the body is pretty solidified — and this is sometimes a problem. For instance, when someone’s liver gets really damaged, their liver cell molecules may need to refer back to those Ikea instructions but can’t find them.

But that’s where «cellular glue» molecules come in. These rescuers can essentially be primed with those Ikea instructions before being sent into the body, so their blueprint is fresh. Scientists can load them up with information on which cell molecules to bond with and even how strongly to bond with them.

Then, these glue molecules can guide relevant cells toward one another, helping along the healing and regeneration processes.

«In a solid organ, like a lung or a liver, many of the cells will be bonded quite tightly,» explains a UCSF description of the new invention. «But in the immune system, weaker bonds enable the cells to flow through blood vessels or crawl between the tightly bound cells of skin or organ tissues to reach a pathogen or a wound.»

To make this kind of customization possible, the researchers added two important components to their cellular glue. First, part of the molecule acts as a receptor. It remains on the outside of the cell and determines which other cells the molecule is allowed to interact with. Second, there’s the bond-strength-tuner. This section exists within the cell. Mix and match those two traits and, the team says, you can create an array of cell adhesion molecules prepped to bond in various ways.

«We were able to engineer cells in a manner that allows us to control which cells they interact with, and also to control the nature of that interaction,» Wendell Lim, director of UCSF’s Cell Design Institute and senior author of the paper, said in a statement.

In fact, the team says the range of potential molecules is wide enough that they could inform the academic stage of medical studies, too. Researchers could make mock tissues, for example, to deepen understanding of the human body as a whole.

Or as Stevens put it, «These tools could be really transformative.»

Technologies

This $50-Off Cyber Monday Offer on the Nintendo Switch 2 Mario Kart World Bundle Is Actually a Good Deal

Not only do you save on the game when you buy this bundle, the whole thing is discounted by $50.

The Nintendo Switch 2 is one of the most popular handheld gaming consoles, and it continues to sell out rapidly after its launch earlier this year. Bundles are a great way to get a game thrown in for free. Better yet, I’ve found a Cyber Monday deal that reduces the price of one of the best Switch 2 bundles.

Walmart is selling the Nintendo Switch 2 + Mario Kart World bundle for $449 this Cyber Monday — a $50 discount from the regular $499 price. Note that you’ll only see that lower price once you add the bundle to your cart. It’s a $50 savings on the standard cost, making it one of the better Switch 2 deals I’ve seen so far.

This bundle includes the Nintendo Switch 2 console along with a full game download of Mario Kart World, the newest entry in Nintendo’s long-running and wildly popular kart racing series. With the Switch 2’s improvements, Mario Kart World takes advantage of the higher resolution, smoother frame rates and more detailed tracks than we’ve seen in past games.

CNET’s Scott Stein reviewed the Switch 2 and gave it 8.5 out of 10, noting that the new console has a great design, display and notably better graphics than competitors, like the Steam Deck. The Switch 2 is an excellent overall upgrade and earned an Editors’ Choice award from our team. It is worth noting, however, that, in his tests, the battery lasted a mere 2 hours before dying out. He points out that storage will need upgrades as well, given that newer games are larger in size.

While you’re buying the Switch 2, browse through our round-up of Switch 2 accessories to deck it out and truly make it your own. If you’re Team Blue, you can check our list of the best PlayStation deals too.

CHEAP GAMING LAPTOP DEALS OF THE WEEK

Alienware 16 Aurora AC16250 Intel 7 RTX 5060 512GB SSD 16GB RAM 16-inch 120Hz Laptop:

$1,000 (save $350)
Lenovo LOQ Intel i5 13th Gen RTX 5050 1TB SSD 16GB RAM 15.6-inch Laptop:

$750 (save $295)
HP Omen Ryzen AI 7 RTX 5060 1TB SSD 16GB RAM 16-inch 2K Laptop:

$950 (save $850)
Acer Nitro V Intel i7 RTX 4050 1TB SSD 16GB RAM 15.6-inch Laptop:

$800 (save $150)
Alienware 16 Aurora AC16250 Intel 7 RTX 5050 512GB SSD 16GB RAM 16-inch 120Hz Laptop:

$800 (save $400)

Deals are selected by the CNET Group commerce team, and may be unrelated to this article.

Why this deal matters

A $50 discount on a brand-new console bundle is rare, especially this early in the Switch 2’s life cycle. Since Mario Kart World is a $70 title on its own, getting both the game and the console for $449 is excellent value. If you’ve been waiting for a meaningful price break on the Switch 2, this is one of the best opportunities so far.

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Technologies

Cyber Monday Means You Can Get These Teen‑Approved Apple AirPods Pro 2 at a New‑Low Price

Grab the only earbuds my teenager thinks are good enough while they’re 46% off.

Cyber Monday deal: While no longer the latest model, the Apple AirPods Pro 2 are still some of the best earbuds you can buy. Apple’s AirPods Pro 3 are generally better, but they’re also a lot more expensive, and plenty of people can still get a huge amount out of the Pro 2.

It turns out they’re even better if you pick them up right now, because Cyber Monday discounts mean these amazing earbuds are down to $135 at Woot for the first time ever. That makes them a way better value and a truly fantastic pickup for anybody hoping for an audio upgrade.

Don’t miss any of our unbiased tech content and lab-based reviews. Add CNET as a preferred Google source.

HEADPHONE DEALS OF THE WEEK

Sony WH-1000XM5 Wireless Noise Canceling Headphones (Black):

$248 (save $152)
Beats Studio Pro Wireless Noise Cancelling Headphones (Black):

$170 (save $181)
Apple AirPods Max ANC Wireless Headphones (USB-C Charging, Midnight):

$400 (save $150)
Bose QuietComfort Ultra Wireless Noise Cancelling Headphones (Lunar Blue):

$299 (save $130)
Bose QuietComfort Wireless Noise Cancelling Headphones:

$199 (save $150)

Deals are selected by the CNET Group commerce team, and may be unrelated to this article.

CNET’s key takeaways

You can get these amazing earbuds for just $135 right now at Woot.
My teenager loves everything about them.
The sound quality is exceptional.
The noise cancellation can help give you some peace, even in a busy home.

My 13‑year‑old daughter loves her music and her privacy, and for years she wanted a pair of AirPods. They’re not cheap, so I kept buying her more budget options, like the Amazon Echo Buds. Those kept disappearing, though, so I finally ponied up for the AirPods Pro 2.

I picked them up during last year’s sales, and they were definitely well‑received. She’s happy, she uses them every day, and she hasn’t lost them yet. The AirPods Pro 2 are currently on sale at Woot for $135, a great price for a high‑quality pair like these, and one of the lowest we’ve ever seen.

What about the AirPods Pro 3?

The AirPods Pro 3 weren’t available when I bought the Pro 2, but they were rumored. As CNET’s resident headphone expert David Carnoy summarized in his AirPods Pro 2 vs. Pro 3 comparison, the newer model is “significantly improved in the four most important areas: fit, sound quality, noise cancellation and battery life.” They also add heart‑rate monitoring, like the Beats Powerbeats Pro 2.

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While those upgrades are impressive, a lot of people won’t notice the differences or make the most of the new features. And with the AirPods Pro 3 currently on a smaller sale at Amazon for $220 ($30 off list), the Pro 2 at $135 is a much better value.

Why I didn’t get the AirPods 4 instead

Why did I choose AirPods Pro 2 instead of the AirPods 4 with ANC? First, as I mentioned in another article about a different pair of earbuds I bought, I think sealed, in‑ear buds are better than open‑design models like the AirPods 4. The seal creates another layer of noise isolation and contributes to superior sound quality. And if you want to pay attention to the world, you can always engage ambient sound mode — Apple calls transparency mode.

Also, at the time, Carnoy considered the Pro 2 the best Apple noise-canceling wireless earbuds: “While we’re quite impressed with those new models — and with the AirPods 4 ANC in particular — the AirPods Pro 2 remain arguably the best Apple AirPods you can buy if you don’t mind having silicone ear tips jammed in your ears,” he said.

My daughter uses earplugs all the time to help her sleep, so she definitely qualifies as someone comfortable putting things in her ears. Like her fingers, when I start using words like “sigma,” “skibidi” and “relatable” to try to connect with her.

I asked Carnoy about the Pro 2s potentially not fitting in her kid‑size ears, and he reassured me that the range of eartips that come with the Pro 2s “now include XS, so they should fit.”

Do AirPods make a great gift?

It took me years to finally understand, but yes, for someone looking for wireless earbuds, AirPods — especially the Apple AirPods Pro 2 — make the perfect gift. And that’s true whether you’re a teenage girl or not.