Technologies

COVID delta variant fears spur booster shot plans around the world. The latest update

The WHO calls for a pause in the world’s booster plans, while San Francisco gives Johnson & Johnson recipients the green light for an mRNA dose. Here’s what’s going on with boosters.

For the most up-to-date news and information about the coronavirus pandemic, visit the WHO and CDC websites.

Calling the eradication of the COVID-19 virus «unlikely,» a UK scientific advisory group says (PDF) there is a «realistic possibility» that a variant will emerge that is resistant to the current battery of vaccines. Governments, public health organizations and vaccine makers are all tracking developments in coronavirus variants like delta and lambda, hoping to answer the question if booster shotstargeting new variants will be needed soon.

«Things are going to get worse,» Dr. Anthony Fauci, the chief medical advisor to the president, said Sunday on ABC’s This Week.

Currently in the US, «breakthrough» coronavirus cases caused by the dominant delta variant amount to less than 1% of people who are fully vaccinated. Both Moderna and Pfizer vaccines are proven to be over 90% effective against hospitalizations and death. The surge in new COVID-19 cases are primarily affecting unvaccinated people and causing community spread, and in turn, the return of mask mandates and guidance in hard-hit areas, even for people who have full vaccine protection. The debate over mask use and vaccine boosters underscores how scientists and other health experts continue to grapple with the uncertainties of COVID-19.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recent study shows that vaccinated people can both contract the highly contagious delta variant and spread it. According to a widely reported internal CDC memo, the delta variant spreads as easily as chicken pox, which is considered more contagious than the flu and less contagious than measles.

To prepare for the possibility of a booster shot, the CDC said it’s weighing a third vaccine dose for people with compromised immune systems. Over the weekend, Israel began administering third doses of the vaccine to those 60 and older, and the UK plans to do the same. However, this is resulting in a backlash among countries that are struggling to deliver first and second shots to residents.

On Wednesday, World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus called for a «moratorium» on booster shots in high-income countries, citing the global disparity in vaccine distribution. Of the 4 billion doses administered globally, 80% have gone to high- and upper-middle income countries that make up less than half of the world’s population, he said.

«We cannot accept countries that have already used most of the global supply of vaccines using even more of it, while the world’s most vulnerable people remain unprotected,» Tedros said.

What does all of this mean in the US? Here’s what we know about COVID booster shots now.

Booster shot vs. new COVID vaccine: There’s a difference

Along with Moderna, Pfizer’s current two-dose vaccine provides powerful and effective protection against all known variants of COVID-19, including the delta variant, according to ongoing studies and self-reported statistics. But Pfizer also announced in July that a third dose of its vaccine is currently under development. The company said its own research showed a booster shot of its current vaccine increased antibody levels five to 10 times higher over its two-dose shots, noting that its results have not been published or peer-reviewed.

Pfizer said it believes the level of protection the first two doses of its vaccine provide can gradually decrease over time, and a third booster dose may be needed «within six to 12 months» after a person is fully vaccinated with the first two doses. Pfizer said a booster shot could enhance protection against the delta variant, which has been known to infect fully vaccinated people. Clinical trials on the booster are set to begin, as Pfizer seeks approval from government regulators for a third dose.

However, while a booster shot would complement the two doses of its existing vaccine, Pfizer is also separately working on a new vaccine formulation targeting the delta variant.

What do the CDC, FDA and WHO think about a booster shot?

The CDC and FDA initially exercised caution over a booster shot.

«People who are fully vaccinated are protected from severe disease and death, including from the variants currently circulating in the country such as delta,» the CDC and FDA said in a July 8 joint statement, without naming Pfizer. The government agencies emphasized the need for all eligible people to receive full doses of one of the approved vaccines, all of which are free.

The CDC and FDA said the question of a booster requires extensive scientific data and doesn’t depend on the input from pharmaceutical companies alone. «Virtually all COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths are among those who are unvaccinated,» the statement mentioned, adding that the agencies will approve booster doses «if and when the science demonstrates that they are needed.»

New research has demonstrated a need. There is a growing consensus among Biden administration health officials that older individuals and those with compromised immune systems may, in fact, need a third shot. At a White House press briefing Thursday, Fauci said that it is «extremely important for us to move» to get immunocompromised people a booster, citing observational data that they generally aren’t «adequately protected» with the standard vaccine dose.

«We are now working on that, and we’ll make that be implemented as quickly as possible,» Fauci said. About 2.7% of the US adult population is immunosuppressed, CNBC reported, but immunocompromised people make up about 44% of people hospitalized with COVID complications.

Earlier in the week, at a WHO press briefing Wednesday, Tedros said that while he understands «the concern of all governments to protect their people from the delta variant,» booster shots shouldn’t be prioritized until the world’s most vulnerable people and health care workers are vaccinated.

«We call on vaccine producers to prioritize Covax,» Tedros said, referring to the world’s COVID-19 vaccine distribution program.

Is Moderna also planning to develop a booster shot?

While scientists and public health officials continue to study if those who are fully vaccinated will need a booster shot, Moderna said — along with Pfizer — it is exploring a third vaccine dose to complement the initial two vaccine shots.

I got Johnson & Johnson — Do I need a booster?

No, fully vaccinated Americans don’t need a booster yet, including those who got the single dose of Johnson & Johnson’s COVID vaccine, according to the country’s health officials. But residents in San Francisco who received Johnson & Johnson’s one-dose COVID vaccine were given the green light Tuesday to get a dose of an mRNA vaccine, though it still isn’t recommended by the city’s health department.

Dr. Grant Colfax, San Francisco’s health director, said that there isn’t conclusive evidence that getting a dose of Pfizer or Moderna benefits those who got the J&J shot, but there’s also not evidence to show it’s harmful, the San Francisco Chronicle reported.

«If people received the Johnson & Johnson and are requesting a second shot, we will accommodate them, but our policy has not changed,» Colfax said.

San Francisco’s decision to legitimize Johnson & Johnson vaccine recipients getting an mRNA vaccine comes in light of a small study that suggests the vaccine isn’t nearly as effective against the delta variant as the other vaccines. (Another study suggests that Johnson & Johnson remains effective, and the drug-maker continues to claim the vaccine is effective.)

Would the booster shot be free?

The current one-dose vaccine shot from Johnson & Johnson and two-dose versions from Moderna and Pfizer are free to anyone who wants to get vaccinated. According to the Biden administration, COVID-19 booster shots will also be free, if and when they’re approved.

Is it a good idea to mix and match COVID vaccines?

The CDC doesn’t recommend mixing and matching vaccines from the different makers, saying it hasn’t evaluated the effectiveness of mixing vaccine doses and that the «vaccines are not interchangeable.»

However, other global health agencies and countries are testing administered vaccines from two different manufacturers. In the UK, for example, a recent study found that those who received a first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine and a second of Pfizer had a higher immune response than those who received two doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine.

In early June, the National Institutes of Health started a trial that tests mixing COVID-19 vaccines, and will determine if those who got Pfizer or J&J initially can safely receive a Moderna booster. The initial results of the study are expected in late summer 2021, the NIH said in a news release.

While we wait to see how the situation develops, here’s what we know about the delta variant, more about COVID-19 boosters and if you need to continue to wear a mask.

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives.

Technologies

Scientists Are Using AI to Help Identify Dinosaur Footprints

The Dinotracker app was trained on eight major characteristics of dinosaur footprints to quickly determine the species.

An international team of researchers has devised a futuristic tool to examine the footprints left by dinosaurs in our ancient past. The AI-powered app, Dinotracker, can identify dinosaur footprints in moments.

The research comes from a joint project by the Helmholtz-Zentrum research center in Berlin and the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences published the paper on Monday.

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Identifying a dinosaur species from a footprint isn’t always easy. The footprint is hundreds of millions of years old, often preserved in layers of rock that have shifted over the eons since the track was laid.

Also, we still have a lot to learn about dinosaurs, and it’s not always clear which species left a footprint. Subjectivity or bias can come into play when identifying them, and scientists don’t always agree with the results.

Gregor Hartmann of Helmholtz-Zentrum, who led the project, told CNET that the research team sought to remove this propensity from the identification process by developing an algorithm that could be neutral.

«We bring a mathematical, unbiased point of view to the table to assist human experts in interpreting the data,» Hartmann said.

Researchers trained the algorithm on thousands of real fossil footprints, as well as millions of simulated versions that could recreate «natural distortions such as compression and shifting edges.»

How AI is being used on dinosaur tracks

The system was trained to focus on eight major characteristics of dinosaur footprints, including the width of the toes, the position of the heel, the surface area of the foot that contacted the ground and the weight distribution across the foot.

The AI tool uses these traits to compare new footprints to existing fossils, and then determines which dinosaur was most likely responsible for the footprint.

The team tested it against human expert classifications and found that the AI agreed with them 90% of the time.

Hartmann made it clear that the AI system is «unsupervised.»

«We do not use any labels (like bird, theropod, ornithopod) during training. The network has no idea about it,» Hartmann said. «Only after training, we compare how the network encodes the silhouettes and compare this with the human labels.»

Hartmann said that the hope is for Dinotracker to be used by paleontologists and that the AI tool’s data pool grows as it’s used by more experts.

Bird vs. dinosaur

Using Dinotracker, the researchers have already uncovered some intriguing possibilities on the evolution of birds. When analyzing footprints more than 200 million years old, the AI found strong similarities with the foot structures of extinct and modern birds.

The team says one possibility is that birds originated tens of millions of years earlier than we thought. But it’s also possible that early dinosaur feet just look remarkably like bird feet.

This evidence, Hartmann notes, isn’t enough to rethink the evolution of birds, since a skeleton is the «true evidence» of earlier bird existence.

«It is essential to keep in mind that over these millions of years, lots of different things can happen to these tracks, starting from the moisture level of the mud where it was created, over the substrate it was created on, up to erosion later,» he said. «All this can heavily change the shape of the fossilized track we find, and ultimately makes it too difficult to interpret footprints, which was the motivation for our study.»

Dinotracker is available for free on GitHub. It’s not in a download-and-use format, so you’ll have to know a bit about software to get it up and running.

Technologies

Belkin Is Ending Support for Wemo Smart Home Devices. Here’s What That Means for You

If you own certain Belkin Wemo devices, they’ll stop working as soon as Jan. 31. Here’s what to know before it happens.

Belkin is ending support for most of its Wemo smart home devices, a move that will shut down the Wemo app and cloud services and significantly reduce the functionality of many popular smart plugs, switches and sensors.

The change takes effect at the end of January, so you have only a few days to migrate compatible devices or start planning for replacements.

You can see the full list of affected devices on Belkin’s support page. Once support ends, features that rely on the cloud — including remote access, schedules and integrations with Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant — will stop working. Those Wemo devices will no longer function as «smart» products, even if the hardware still powers on.

Since Belkin will also stop releasing firmware updates, affected devices won’t receive bug fixes or security improvements.

Belkin’s decision highlights a growing issue in the smart home world: Devices can stop being «smart» long before the hardware wears out.

Apple Home users get a limited lifeline

There is one major exception. Some Wemo devices that are compatible with Apple Home and HomeKit can continue working after the Wemo app shuts down, but only if you migrate them before the end-of-support deadline.

«Since the Wemo app will be ending, it’s very important that users switch to Apple Home/HomeKit by the end of the month,» says CNET smart home editor Tyler Lacoma. «Belkin has a long-term partnership with Apple, so for compatible devices, that transition is usually pretty simple.»

However, Lacoma warns that older Wemo products may not support Apple Home at all.

«If someone has a Wemo device that’s not on the list of Apple-compatible products, it won’t have much functionality left,» he says. «It won’t get firmware updates to fix bugs or improve security, so at that point, it makes sense to factory reset it and recycle it before the end of the month, then look for a replacement.»

Belkin has published a list of Wemo devices that support Apple HomeKit, and users need to complete the setup process before the Wemo app is retired. The following products will continue to work through Apple HomeKit:

Wemo Smart Light Switch 3-Way (WLS0403, WLS0503)
Wemo Wi-Fi Smart Light Switch with Dimmer (WDS060)
Wemo Smart Light Switch (WLS040)
Wemo HomeKit Bridge (F7C064)
Wemo Dimmer Light Switch (F7C059)
Wemo Mini Plugin Switch (F7C063)
Wemo Outdoor Plug (WSP090)
Wemo Mini Smart Plug (WSP080)
Wemo Stage Smart Scene Controller (WSC010)
Wemo Smart Plug with Thread (WSP100)
Wemo Smart Video Doorbell (WDC010)

What about refunds?

Belkin says customers with Wemo devices that are still under warranty when support ends may be eligible for a partial refund. You can find the warranty period for each device in the list of devices on Belkin’s support page linked above. Refund requests won’t be processed until after the end-of-support date, and eligibility will depend on the product and purchase date.

Because many Wemo products were released years ago, most people should not expect to qualify for a refund. We’ve reached out to Belkin to ask whether other products will lose support in the near future. We haven’t heard back at the time of publishing.

What Wemo owners should do now

If you own Wemo devices, the clock is ticking. Here’s what to do next:

Check whether your Wemo products support Apple Home and migrate them as soon as possible.
If your devices don’t support Apple Home, plan to replace them before support ends.
Consider recycling unsupported devices once they lose smart functionality.
Remove the Wemo app after services shut down to avoid confusion.

If you’re shopping for replacements, this is a good time to look at CNET’s list of the best smart plugs and review our guide on what to do when smart home devices lose support.

Technologies

Today’s NYT Strands Hints, Answers and Help for Jan. 28 #696

Here are hints and answers for the NYT Strands puzzle for Jan. 28, No. 696.

Looking for the most recent Strands answer? Click here for our daily Strands hints, as well as our daily answers and hints for The New York Times Mini Crossword, Wordle, Connections and Connections: Sports Edition puzzles.

Today’s NYT Strands puzzle is a bit of an odd one, but it might calm you down — hint, hint. If you need hints and answers, read on.

I go into depth about the rules for Strands in this story.

If you’re looking for today’s Wordle, Connections and Mini Crossword answers, you can visit CNET’s NYT puzzle hints page.

Read more: NYT Connections Turns 1: These Are the 5 Toughest Puzzles So Far

Hint for today’s Strands puzzle

Today’s Strands theme is: Zen state

If that doesn’t help you, here’s a clue: Mellow out.

Clue words to unlock in-game hints

Your goal is to find hidden words that fit the puzzle’s theme. If you’re stuck, find any words you can. Every time you find three words of four letters or more, Strands will reveal one of the theme words. These are the words I used to get those hints but any words of four or more letters that you find will work:

COIL, COIF, COIFS, MATE, TAME, TAMED, CONE, CODE, NEST, NETS, LENS, TIED, DIET, MIND

Answers for today’s Strands puzzle

These are the answers that tie into the theme. The goal of the puzzle is to find them all, including the spangram, a theme word that reaches from one side of the puzzle to the other. When you have all of them (I originally thought there were always eight but learned that the number can vary), every letter on the board will be used. Here are the nonspangram answers:

FOCUS, RELAX, LISTEN, NOTICE, BREATHE, MEDITATE

Today’s Strands spangram

Today’s Strands spangram is MINDFULNESS. To find it, start with the M that’s the first letter on the top row, at the far left, and wind down and then over and up.

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