Technologies

76 Million-Year-Old Fossil Fills Long-standing Gap In T. Rex History

Nicknamed «Sisyphus,» this specimen was incredibly difficult to nudge it out of its ancient resting place.

Ask anyone to name three dinosaurs in five seconds, and I guarantee you Tyrannosaurus Rex will make the list. Whether it be because of Jurassic Park’s murderous scenes or humanity’s deep obsession with ancient predatorial kin, the T. Rex has become something of a cultural icon.

Yet, despite the level of detail we have about this tiny-armed reptile itself, scientists surprisingly don’t know much about the rest of T. Rex’s family. A wealth of questions remain about the ancestral tree that sprouted this vicious, quintessential dinosaur — though paleontologists with the Badlands Dinosaur Museum in North Dakota say we may have some answers, at last.

In a paper published Friday in the journal Paleontology and Evolutionary Science, paleontologists Elias Warshaw and Denver Fowler report the discovery of a 76.5 million-year-old fossil that they believe belonged to one of T. Rex’s ancestors, a species now known as Daspletosaurus wilsoni.

And this dinosaur, expected to have lived during the Cretaceous period, seems to have been just as ferocious as its famous descendant. D. wilsoni, which literally translates to «Wilson’s frightful reptile,» after John P. Wilson who found the specimen to begin with, likely once had expended air pockets in its skull, a blue-grayish coloring, a set of sharp teeth and an elongated eye socket — rimmed with horns.

But in short, locating this species is a big deal for scientists because its existence could provide the «missing link» in T. Rex’s family backstory, bridging a longstanding gap between older and younger tyrannosaur species named Daspletosaurus torosus and Daspletosaurus horneri, which lived about 77 to 75 million years ago, respectively.

«Since the 1990s,» Warshaw and Fowler wrote in a statement, «debate has surrounded Daspletosaurus, a large tyrannosaurid known from Montana and Alberta, which has been proposed to be an ancestor of T. rex itself.»

But according to the statement, reconstructing the evolutionary relationships of Daspletosaurus has been hampered by the rarity of good specimens, and many researchers are still engaged in debate as to whether these tyrannosaurids represent a single lineage evolving in place or several closely related species from various lineages.

«We can now see that many of these species are actually very finely separated in time from each other,» the statement reads, «forming consecutive ladder-like steps in a single evolutionary lineage where one ancestral species evolves directly into a descendant species.»

The team even named its fossil find «Sisyphus,» after the mythical Greek king who was punished for cheating death. As the tale goes, Sisyphys’ punishment was to roll a giant boulder up a hill only for it to roll back down the hill every time he got close to the top. This seemingly horrid endeavor lasted for an eternity.

«The holotype skull and partial skeleton, BDM 107, is nicknamed ‘Sisyphus’ after the seemingly endless task of removing over 25 feet (8 meters) of rock which lay on top of the bones,» the researchers said.

It was Badlands Dinosaur Museum crew member Jack Wilson who spotted the skeleton in the first place in 2017 — a small, flat piece of bone was peeking out from the bottom of a towering cliff. Upon close examination, that little bit of evidence turned out to be part of the dinosaur’s nostril. And so the dig began, culminating in 2021 with an exquisite tyrannosaurus-type animal figure.

«These findings,» the researchers said, «suggest that previous research was correct in identifying several species of Daspletosaurus as a single evolving lineage, and supports the descent of T. rex from this group.»

Technologies

Today’s NYT Mini Crossword Answers for Friday, May 23

Here are the answers for The New York Times Mini Crossword for May 23.

Looking for the most recent Mini Crossword answer? Click here for today’s Mini Crossword hints, as well as our daily answers and hints for The New York Times Wordle, Strands, Connections and Connections: Sports Edition puzzles.

Today’s NYT Mini Crossword isn’t too tough. Lots of similar clues ask you to solve for a certain word, and then add a Y. Need some help with today’s Mini Crossword? Read on. And if you could use some hints and guidance for daily solving, check out our Mini Crossword tips.

The Mini Crossword is just one of many games in the Times’ games collection. If you’re looking for today’s Wordle, Connections, Connections: Sports Edition and Strands answers, you can visit CNET’s NYT puzzle hints page.

Read more: Tips and Tricks for Solving The New York Times Mini Crossword

Let’s get at those Mini Crossword clues and answers.

Mini across clues and answers

1A clue: Chooses to receive marketing emails, with «in»
Answer: OPTS

5A clue: Buck ___, first Black coach in Major League Baseball (1962)
Answer: ONEIL

6A clue: Like your epidermis?
Answer: SKINNY

7A clue: Like the element Fe?
Answer: IRONY

8A clue: Quite a lot of
Answer: MANY

Mini down clues and answers

1D clue: Bulb in the kitchen
Answer: ONION

2D clue: Like an ink-filled writing tool?
Answer: PENNY

3D clue: Microscopic
Answer: TINY

4D clue: Acting deviously
Answer: SLY

5D clue: Green gumbo ingredient
Answer: OKRA

6D clue: ___ card (smartphone chip)
Answer: SIM

How to play more Mini Crosswords

The New York Times Games section offers a large number of online games, but only some of them are free for all to play. You can play the current day’s Mini Crossword for free, but you’ll need a subscription to the Times Games section to play older puzzles from the archives.

Technologies

Today’s NYT Connections: Sports Edition Hints and Answers for May 23, #242

Hints and answers for the NYT Connections: Sports Edition puzzle, No. 242, for May 23.

Looking for the most recent regular Connections answers? Click here for today’s Connections hints, as well as our daily answers and hints for The New York Times Mini Crossword, Wordle and Strands puzzles.

Connections: Sports Edition might be tough today. Read on for hints and the answers.

Connections: Sports Edition is out of beta now, making its debut on Super Bowl Sunday, Feb. 9. That’s a sign that the game has earned enough loyal players that The Athletic, the subscription-based sports journalism site owned by the Times, will continue to publish it. It doesn’t show up in the NYT Games app but now appears in The Athletic’s own app. Or you can continue to play it free online.

Read more: NYT Connections: Sports Edition Puzzle Comes Out of Beta

Hints for today’s Connections: Sports Edition groups

Here are four hints for the groupings in today’s Connections: Sports Edition puzzle, ranked from the easiest yellow group to the tough (and sometimes bizarre) purple group.

Yellow group hint: Which year are you?

Green group hint: College conference.

Blue group hint: LA hoops stars.

Purple group hint: Football hometowns.

Answers for today’s Connections: Sports Edition groups

Yellow group: College student classifications.

Green group: Big 12 schools.

Blue group: Lakers in the Basketball Hall of Fame.

Purple group: NFL team locations.

Read more: Wordle Cheat Sheet: Here Are the Most Popular Letters Used in English Words

What are today’s Connections: Sports Edition answers?

The yellow words in today’s Connections

The theme is college student classifications. The four answers are freshman, sophomore, junior and senior.

The green words in today’s Connections

The theme is Big 12 schools. The four answers are Colorado, TCU, Texas Tech and West Virginia.

The blue words in today’s Connections

The theme is Lakers in the Basketball Hall of Fame. The four answers are Baylor, O’Neal, West and Worthy.

The purple words in today’s Connections

The theme is first words in NFL team locations. The four answers are Green, Kansas, New and San.

Technologies

Yes, an Elden Ring Live-Action Movie Directed by Alex Garland Is Coming

No details or release date, but boy will it be cool to see Malenia wipe the floor with someone else for a change.

Unbelievably, the rumors were true: Alex Garland is indeed set to write and direct a live-action film adaptation of Elden Ring, FromSoftware’s phenomenally successful and difficult video game. Award-winning producer and distributor A24 will work with Garland on the movie.

The dark fantasy Elden Ring is one of the best-selling games of all time, wowing players with its tight gameplay, expansive world and compelling yet cryptic lore, so it’s no surprise that it’s headed for the silver screen. Its epic storyline, written in part by A Game of Thrones author George R. R. Martin, could work well for a film — but it’s also a safe bet that many owners of the 30 million Elden Ring sales would go to see it, too.

Rumors had swirled that Alex Garland was adapting the game to film weeks ago, per Comic Book Resources, which seemed like an odd choice. But the director’s prior adaptations of nerd properties, from the gritty pulp dystopia of Dredd to the gnostic science fiction of Annihilation, could suit him to take on Elden Ring’s dark fantasy world.

Better still is Garland’s experience with A24, which has led to several of the director’s most compelling visions on celluloid. They first paired up for 2015’s Ex Machina, followed by 2022’s gender parable Men and the bleakly topical Civil War last year, and finally the Iraq War drama Warfare released last month.

There’s no release date or other details for Garland’s Elden Ring. But fans of the game won’t have to wait long to get another fix of their favorite game — its multiplayer spinoff, Elden Ring Nightreign, is coming out on May 30.