President Donald Trump’s second term economic plan can be summed up in one word: tariffs. As his barrage of import taxes went into overdrive in recent months, markets trembled and business leaders sounded alarms about the economic damage they would cause. In response to the initial chaos after «Liberation Day» in April, the heaviest of Trump’s tariffs were paused for 90 days, but the end of that pause is almost here — July 9 — and the president has said that an extension isn’t likely. With that in mind, it’s about to be as important as ever for you to understand tariffs and how they’ll impact your life.

Despite the near-constant uncertainties, Trump has continued to barrel forward with his plans, doubling the tariffs on steel and aluminum imports and announcing a new deal that would see the rate against China increase to 55% — all of which will likely impact your cost of living. Trump hyped up another trade deal on July 2, this time with Vietnam, that still leaves the import tax rate at a historically high 20%.

That all came after Trump’s plans hit their biggest roadblock yet in court, when late last month the US Court of International Trade ruled that Trump had overstepped his authority when he imposed tariffs. This ruling was eventually stayed but the fight is likely to see a final ruling from the Supreme Court.

However things shake out in the end, the initial ruling certainly came as a relief to many, given the chaos and uncertainty that Trump’s tariffs have caused thus far. For his part, Trump has recently lashed out against companies — Apple and Walmart, for example — that have reacted to the tariffs or discussed their impacts in ways he dislikes. Apple has been working to move manufacturing for the US market from China to relatively less-tariffed India, to which Trump has threatened them with a 25% penalty rate if they don’t bring manufacturing to the US instead. Experts have predicted that a US-made iPhone, for example, would cost consumers about $3,500. During a recent earnings call, Walmart warned that prices would rise on things like toys, tech and food at some point in the summer, which prompted Trump to demand the chain eat the costs themselves, another unlikely scenario.

Amid all this noise, you might still be wondering: What exactly are tariffs and what will they mean for me?

The short answer: Expect to pay more for at least some goods and services. For the long answer, keep reading, and for more, check out CNET’s price tracker for 11 popular and tariff-vulnerable products.

What are tariffs?

Put simply, a tariff is a tax on the cost of importing or exporting goods by a particular country. So, for example, a «60% tariff» on Chinese imports would be a 60% tax on the price of importing, say, computer components from China.

Trump has been fixated on imports as the centerpiece of his economic plans, often claiming that the money collected from taxes on imported goods would help finance other parts of his agenda. The US imports $3 trillion worth of goods from other countries annually. 

The president has also, more recently, shown a particular fixation on trade deficits, claiming that the US having a trade deficit with any country means that country is ripping the US off. This is a flawed understanding of the matter, as a lot of economists have said, deficits are often a simple case of resource realities: Wealthy nations like the US buy specific things from nations that have them, while those nations in turn may not be wealthy enough to buy much of anything from the US.

While Trump deployed tariffs in his first term, notably against China, he ramped up his plans more significantly for the 2024 campaign, promising 60% tariffs against China and a universal 20% tariff on all imports into the US. Now, tariffs against China are more than double that amount and a universal tariff on all exports is a reality.

«Tariffs are the greatest thing ever invented,» Trump said at a campaign stop in Michigan last year. At one point, he called himself «Tariff Man» in a post on Truth Social. 

Who pays the cost of tariffs?

Trump repeatedly claimed, before and immediately after returning to the White House, that the country of origin for an imported good pays the cost of the tariffs and that Americans would not see any price increases from them. However, as economists and fact-checkers stressed, this is not the case.

The companies importing the tariffed goods — American companies or organizations in this case — pay the higher costs. To compensate, companies can raise their prices or absorb the additional costs themselves.

So, who ends up paying the price for tariffs? In the end, usually you, the consumer. For instance, a universal tariff on goods from Canada would increase Canadian lumber prices, which would have the knock-on effect of making construction and home renovations more expensive for US consumers. While it is possible for a company to absorb the costs of tariffs without increasing prices, this is not at all likely, at least for now.

Speaking with CNET, Ryan Reith, vice president of International Data’s worldwide mobile device tracking programs, explained that price hikes from tariffs, especially on technology and hardware, are inevitable in the short term. He estimated that the full amount imposed on imports by Trump’s tariffs would be passed on to consumers, which he called the «cost pass-through.» Any potential efforts for companies to absorb the new costs themselves would come in the future, once they have a better understanding of the tariffs, if at all.

Which Trump tariffs have gone into effect?

Following Trump’s «Liberation Day» announcements on April 2, the following tariffs are in effect:

• A 50% tariff on all steel and aluminum imports, doubled from 25% as of June 4.
• A 30% tariff on all Chinese imports until the new deal touted by Trump takes effect, after which it will purportedly go up to 55%. China, being a major focus of Trump’s trade agenda, this rate has had a rate notably higher than others and has steadily increased as Beijing returned fire with tariffs of its own, peaking at 145% before trade talks commenced.
• 25% tariffs on imports from Canada and Mexico are not covered under the 2018 USMCA trade agreement brokered during Trump’s first term. The deal covers roughly half of all imports from Canada and about a third of those from Mexico, so the rest are subject to the new tariffs. Energy imports not covered by USMCA will be taxed at only 10%.
• A 25% tariff on all foreign-made cars and auto parts.
• A sweeping overall 10% tariff on all imported goods.

For certain countries that Trump said were more responsible for the US trade deficit, Trump imposed what he called «reciprocal» tariffs that exceed the 10% level: 20% for the 27 nations that make up the European Union, 26% for India, 24% for Japan and so on. These were meant to take effect on April 9 but were delayed by 90 days due to historic stock market volatility, which makes the new effective date July 9.

Trump’s claim that these reciprocal tariffs are based on high tariffs imposed against the US by the targeted countries has drawn intense pushback from experts and economists, who have argued that some of these numbers are false or potentially inflated. For example, the above chart says a 39% tariff from the EU, despite its average tariff for US goods being around 3%. Some of the tariffs are against places that are not countries but tiny territories of other nations. The Heard and McDonald Islands, for example, are uninhabited. We’ll dig into the confusion around these calculations below.

Notably, that minimum 10% tariff will not be on top of those steel, aluminum and auto tariffs. Canada and Mexico were also spared from the 10% minimum additional tariff imposed on all countries the US trades with.

On April 11, the administration said smartphones, laptops and other consumer electronics, along with flat panel displays, memory chips and semiconductors, were exempt from reciprocal tariffs. But it wasn’t clear whether that would remain the case or whether such products might face different fees later.

How were the Trump reciprocal tariffs calculated?

The numbers released by the Trump administration for its barrage of «reciprocal» tariffs led to widespread confusion among experts. Trump’s own claim that these new rates were derived by halving the tariffs already imposed against the US by certain countries was widely disputed, with critics noting that some of the numbers listed for certain countries were much higher than the actual rates and some countries had tariff rates listed despite not specifically having tariffs against the US at all.

In a post to X that spread fast across social media, finance journalist James Surowiecki said that the new reciprocal rates appeared to have been reached by taking the trade deficit the US has with each country and dividing it by the amount the country exports to the US. This, he explained, consistently produced the reciprocal tariff percentages revealed by the White House across the board.

«What extraordinary nonsense this is,» Surowiecki wrote about the finding.

The White House later attempted to debunk this idea, releasing what it claimed was the real formula, though it was quickly determined that this formula was arguably just a more complex version of the one Surowiecki deduced.

What will the Trump tariffs do to prices?

In short: Prices are almost certainly going up, if not now, then eventually. That is, if the products even make it to US shelves at all, as some tariffs will simply be too high for companies to bother dealing with.

While the effects of a lot of tariffs might not be felt straight away, some potential real-world examples have already emerged. Microsoft has increased prices across the board for its Xbox gaming brand, with its flagship Xbox Series X console jumping 20% from $500 to $600. Elsewhere, Kent International, one of the main suppliers of bicycles to Walmart, announced that it would be stopping imports from China, which account for 90% of its stock.

Speaking about Trump’s tariff plans just before they were announced, White House trade adviser Peter Navarro said that they would generate $6 trillion in revenue over the next decade. Given that tariffs are most often paid by consumers, CNN characterized this as potentially «the largest tax hike in US history.» New estimates from the Yale Budget Lab, cited by Axios, predict that Trump’s new tariffs will cause a 2.3% increase in inflation throughout 2025. This translates to about a $3,800 increase in expenses for the average American household.

Reith, the IDC analyst, told CNET that Chinese-based tech companies, like PC makers Acer, Asus and Lenovo, have «100% exposure» to these import taxes as they currently stand, with products like phones and computers the most likely to take a hit. He also said that the companies best positioned to weather the tariff impacts are those that have moved some of their operations out of China to places like India, Thailand and Vietnam, singling out the likes of Apple, Dell and HP. Samsung, based in South Korea, is also likely to avoid the full force of Trump’s tariffs. 

In an effort to minimize its tariff vulnerability, Apple has begun to move the production of goods for the US market from China to India.

Will tariffs impact prices immediately?

In the short term — the first days or weeks after a tariff takes effect — maybe not. There are still a lot of products in the US imported pre-tariffs and on store shelves, meaning the businesses don’t need a price hike to recoup import taxes. Once new products need to be brought in from overseas, that’s when you’ll see prices start to climb because of tariffs or you’ll see them become unavailable. 

That uncertainty has made consumers anxious. CNET’s survey revealed that about 38% of shoppers feel pressured to make certain purchases before tariffs make them more expensive. About 10% say they have already made certain purchases in hopes of getting them in before the price hikes, while 27% said they have delayed purchases for products that cost more than $500. Generally, this worry is the most acute concerning smartphones, laptops and home appliances.

Mark Cuban, the billionaire businessman and Trump critic, voiced concerns about when to buy certain things in a post on Bluesky just after Trump’s «Liberation Day» announcements. In it, he suggested that consumers might want to stock up on certain items before tariff inflation hits.

«It’s not a bad idea to go to the local Walmart or big box retailer and buy lots of consumables now,» Cuban wrote. «From toothpaste to soap, anything you can find storage space for, buy before they have to replenish inventory. Even if it’s made in the USA, they will jack up the price and blame it on tariffs.»

CNET’s Money team recommends that before you make any purchase, especially a high-ticket item, be sure that the expenditure fits within your budget and your spending plans. Buying something you can’t afford now because it might be less affordable later can be burdensome, to say the least.

What is the goal of the White House tariff plan?

The typical goal behind tariffs is to discourage consumers and businesses from buying the tariffed, foreign-sourced goods and encourage them to buy domestically produced goods instead. When implemented in the right way, tariffs are generally seen as a useful way to protect domestic industries. 

One of the stated intentions for Trump’s tariffs is along those lines: to restore American manufacturing and production. However, the White House also claims to be having negotiations with numerous countries looking for tariff exemptions, and some officials have also floated the idea that the tariffs will help finance Trump’s tax cuts.

You don’t have to think about those goals for too long before you realize that they’re contradictory: If manufacturing moves to the US or if a bunch of countries are exempt from tariffs, then tariffs aren’t actually being collected and can’t be used to finance anything. This and many other points have led a lot of economists to allege that Trump’s plans are misguided. 

In terms of returning — or «reshoring» — manufacturing in the US, tariffs are a better tool for protecting industries that already exist because importers can fall back on them right away. Building up the factories and plants needed for this in the US could take years, leaving Americans to suffer under higher prices in the interim. 

That problem is worsened by the fact that the materials needed to build those factories will also be tariffed, making the costs of «reshoring» production in the US too heavy for companies to stomach. These issues, and the general instability of American economic policies under Trump, are part of why experts warn that Trump’s tariffs could have the opposite effect: keeping manufacturing out of the US and leaving consumers stuck with inflated prices. Any factories that do get built in the US because of tariffs also have a high chance of being automated, canceling out a lot of job creation potential. To give you one real-world example of this: When warning customers of future price hikes, toy maker Mattel also noted that it had no plans to move manufacturing to the US.

Trump has reportedly been fixated on the notion that Apple’s iPhone — the most popular smartphone in the US market — can be manufactured entirely in the US. This has been broadly dismissed by experts, for a lot of the same reasons mentioned above, but also because an American-made iPhone could cost upward of $3,500. One report from 404 Media dubbed the idea «a pure fantasy.» The overall sophistication and breadth of China’s manufacturing sector have also been cited, with CEO Tim Cook stating in 2017 that the US lacks the number of tooling engineers to make its products.

For more, see how tariffs might raise the prices of Apple products and find some expert tips for saving money.

Hear ye, hear ye! Amazon Prime Day is now underway — running Tuesday through Friday this year — and it’s the perfect opportunity to level up your tech essentials. There are tons of deals to be had: just keep checking back with CNET. For example, check out this current smash deal on some of the best wireless headphones around, Apple’s updated AirPods Max with USB-C.

Walmart is leading the way on the best deal so far on these amazing AirPods, slashing the price to $399 — the only merchant going sub-$400 currently. The deal includes various colors. Stock availability varies by region, but local Walmart stores in your area might have these AirPods available for in-person pickup.

No matter the price tag on the AirPods Max, there’s no denying that the quality makes the price worth it. And did I mention they come in cool colors? Blue, midnight, orange, purple and starlight. The catch is that we don’t know how long this deal is going to stick around (indeed, some colors are already sold out).

These headphones’ features are essentially identical to the previous AirPods Max, albeit with a USB-C port instead of the previous Lightning port. The switch means that the same charging cable can be used across all of Apple’s latest hardware releases, including iPads, Macs, iPhones and their accessories.

Hey, did you know? CNET Deals texts are free, easy and save you money.

You can expect strong active noise cancellation performance as well as instant device pairing and switching, thanks to Apple’s H1 chip. Support for personalized spatial audio and the excellent transparency mode is also included.

Not sure these AirPods Max are the right option for you? Our collection of the best wireless headphone deals is sure to have something for everyone.

Why this deal matters

This deal is the lowest price we’ve seen on these high-end headphones of late, and we don’t expect them to get any cheaper anytime soon. That means that this deal is worth taking advantage of while it’s still available.

Samsung is turning the page to a thinner, lighter chapter. The seventh generation of its book-style Galaxy Z Fold, which debuts at its Unpacked event on Wednesday, could redefine foldable phone design. Put aside your notions of a bulky gadget and get ready for a phone that Samsung says will feel closer to what you might already have in your pocket.

«More than ever, these devices will very much resemble that traditional form factor,» Drew Blackard, Samsung’s senior vice president of mobile product management, told CNET in an exclusive interview. «It’ll feel like a traditional bar-type smartphone, but it’ll have all of the benefits of a foldable.» 

Samsung has consistently been dropping hints about its upcoming phones, which are expected to include the Galaxy Z Fold 7, Z Flip 7 and the more budget-friendly Z Flip 7 FE (although Samsung has yet to confirm that last option). Much of its focus has seemingly been on the Fold. It first teased bringing «an Ultra-experience» to «a smaller and more portable form factor,» pointing to a more advanced camera and plenty of AI. It then noted that its «newest Galaxy Z series is the thinnest, lightest and most advanced foldable yet.»

Long road to a thinner Fold

To give you an idea of what’s in store: Between the first generation of the Galaxy Z Fold, which debuted in 2019, and last year’s Z Fold 6, the phone became about 29% thinner and around 37 grams lighter, according to Samsung. Now, we can expect a similar leap between the Z Fold 6 and the Z Fold 7, Blackard says — over just one generation. 

Based on those numbers, it’s possible the Z Fold 7 could be about 0.34 inches thick when closed, give or take, and weigh just over 200 grams. We’ll have to wait and see what exactly Samsung has in store, but that could make the Z Fold 7 even thinner and lighter than the Oppo Find N5, and about the same weight as the iPhone 16 Pro.

One new Samsung phone already set the stage for this moment: the Galaxy S25 Edge, which debuted in May. That unveiling, along with general hype around thin phones, left a lot of people scratching their heads. What’s the point of a thinner phone, especially when you’re putting a case on it anyway? Now, as Samsung gears up to launch a foldable designed to feel as «normal» as possible, the pieces are starting to fall into place.  

The S25 Edge proved that a thin phone doesn’t have to compromise camera quality. That skinny phone boasts the same 200-megapixel main camera you’ll find on the not-so-thin S25 Ultra. Improved cameras on the Galaxy Z Fold 7 could help foldables break away from the hardware and design limitations that have held their cameras back for so long. That could allow the Z Fold 7 to stand apart from other skinny foldables like the Oppo Find N5. 

«There’s no longer that trade-off of, ‘Well, do I want a traditional bar-type smartphone, or a foldable?'» Blackard said. «You’ll kind of get the best of both worlds.»

Responding to consumer feedback

Making the Z Fold 7 feel as close to a standard phone as possible (with the added perk of a spacious screen when you open it, of course) could help lure new customers who are hesitant to step outside of their comfort zone. 

«It’s a pretty big commitment for the average user to switch something they depend on so much,» said Ryan Reith, group vice president for IDC’s Worldwide Device Tracker. «Nobody wants a trade-off, especially when you’re going to make that big transition.»

It’s unclear if there will be battery compromises with a slimmer foldable, but judging from the S25 Edge, it’s possible. That phone lasts about a day on a full charge, which is just enough to get me through. Hopefully, the wider real estate on the Galaxy Z Fold 7 means battery life doesn’t take too much of a hit, because that’s one of consumers’ top priorities when shopping for a phone, according to a recent CNET survey. 

Samsung says the design changes coming to the Z Fold 7 are supported by customer feedback: 33% of Fold users told the company they want improved portability, while 28% wanted flagship cameras, according to Blackard.   

A major barrier for people wanting to make the leap to foldables is price. Last year’s Galaxy Z Fold 6 cost $1,900, while the Z Flip 6 was marked at $1,100. The rumored Z Flip 7 FE could tap into a strategy that seems to be working well for Motorola: release foldable phones at different pricing tiers, so customers don’t have to break the bank. It’s not clear if a more affordable Galaxy FE (Fan Edition) foldable could be priced as low as the $700 2025 Motorola Razr but that could potentially give Samsung a leg up.   

«The best way to get more traction is on price point at this stage,» Reith said, «even if that comes with a slight trade-off on camera.»

Selling the feel of thin

Phone enthusiasts and people willing to spend a pretty penny may not need as much convincing to buy a premium phone like the Galaxy Z Fold 7. But appealing to a wider audience can still be a challenge.  

«Of course, a better camera or slimmer design could help, but consumers do not always perceive the benefits of a thinner device,» said Thomas Husson, principal analyst at Forrester. 

That’s a challenge Samsung is ready to meet by promoting hands-on experience. With the release of the S25 Edge, the company worked with retail partners to adapt the phones’ security fixtures to adhesive brackets, so customers can actually pick up the phones and feel how light they are. Providing that same experience with a phone like the Z Fold 7 could help dubious consumers see what all the hype is about.

«It’s really going to be a ‘feeling is believing’ moment for consumers,» Blackard said. «They’ll have that ‘aha’ moment that this is now a mainstream form factor.»

Bracing for foldable competition from Apple

Despite the apparent success of the Galaxy Z line, foldables remain a niche market. Around half of smartphone owners say they’re not interested in buying a foldable phone, according to a CNET survey from August. One key player could help change that: Apple, which is rumored to be developing its own foldable iPhone (as well as a thin version of the iPhone 17).  

«Apple’s potential entry in the market later in 2026 could indeed help [with] legitimizing and democratizing the category,» Husson said. 

Samsung, for its part, doesn’t seem perturbed about the possibility of rising competition. 

«We definitely take pride in being the pioneer of the category,» Blackard said. «Competition will come, and we welcome that. I think it’ll only push us to be more innovative.»