Technologies

Clair Obscur Expedition 33 Review: An Achingly Beautiful French Spin on the JRPG Formula

Sandfall Interactive weaves sharp, complex combat through an irresistible story about living in an age of death.

The Japanese RPG genre so venerates its icons, like the Final Fantasy and Dragon Quest series, that new games in its tradition replicate rather than innovate. It took a studio halfway around the world, in France, to make a JRPG that stands out of those titans’ shadows — one so starkly novel in its world and systems that it tells a story you don’t want to put down.

Clair Obscur: Expedition 33, the debut game from French studio Sandfall Interactive, achieves a bundle of superlatives. From the writing to the worldbuilding to the combat to the music, it’s easy to find aspects that are individually excellent. But more importantly, they weave together into a cohesive and thematically potent game that tells a mature story with confidence and style, packing a certain (forgive me) je ne sais quoi that immersed me in a world of passion and loss.

Expedition 33’s story explores a fantasy land at the mercy of a super-powerful being, the Paintress, who has been culling humanity once a year for generations. On a certain day, the residents of seemingly the only city left, Lumière (a devastated Paris, overrun with rubble and vines), bittersweetly gather to bid their loved ones adieu. They watch as, far off in the distance, the Paintress lowers a glowing, omnivisible number by one. Slowly, anyone that age disappears into dust, and humanity’s age limit is reduced again.

Lumière resists by sending armed groups of volunteers over the ocean into the wilderness every year to defeat the Paintress — and though they’ve been so far unsuccessful, the tradition lives on, populated by desperate believers and older soldiers choosing to use their little time left to challenge fate.

Gathering a collection of plucky adventurers to take on God for the sake of the world is textbook JRPG, but the tones of most games in the genre oscillate between the puerile extremes of naive optimism and cynical nihilism. Sandfall Interactive’s story instead envisions characters embarking from a society fluent in despair and still taking action, channeling anxiety into a belief in resolute progress. Throughout the game, the main characters repeat their city’s mantras: «For those who come after,» and, «Tomorrow comes.» Earning meaning, even in a slowly constricting apocalypse.

Through the game’s commitment to its tone, its prism of beauties shines through. The plot, alternating between sublime wonder of a vibrant new land and brutal reckonings in a world without sympathies, is full of surprises. The music is tenderly emotional, with haunting piano and violin arranged by composer Lorien Testard and achingly, hauntingly beautiful singing by Alice Duport-Percier for an hours-long original soundtrack, as Expedition 33 producer François Meurisse told me.

The wild, friendly characters you meet, the stunningly gorgeous environments, dappled with light and shadow, the truly excellent English voice cast — the game is a symphony of well-executed elements that combine into something new.

That alchemy of novelty leads to a feeling that’s rare among JRPGS, let alone games as a whole: Frequently along the way, I truly didn’t know what to expect next. For gamers jaded by tropes and tradition, a game grappling with death in uncharted territory is like water in a desert.

All of which wouldn’t matter if the game wasn’t a riot to play.

Fighting against fate with soulslike turn-based combat

Unlike more open-ended RPGs such as this year’s Avowed and The Elder Scrolls 4: Oblivion Remaster or 2023’s excellent Baldur’s Gate 3, there isn’t any choice in how Expedition 33’s story goes — at least as far as I’ve experienced in a little over 20 hours of the game. Where you do get control is in the battle system, which provides some of the most interactive turn-based fights I’ve ever played.

That’s primarily due to the reactive capabilities built into the system. Players can press a button to dodge when enemies attack with a pretty generous window. Those with more confidence can try to parry attacks, and if done for the entire enemy combo, the character will counter for severe damage. It took me around a dozen hours to be confident enough in timing to successfully parry attacks, though you can reduce the difficulty or equip particular abilities to mitigate that. Later in the game, there are even more enemy attack mechanics.

The defense system was inspired by FromSoftware games like Dark Souls and Elden Ring, though there are also parts of the game inspired by Final Fantasy 10 and Persona 5, producer Meurisse told me. The latter is evident when switching between submenus in combat, which slightly shifts the camera view — «every button you click triggers some camera movement,» Meurisse said.

The cast of characters you gather isn’t large, but each has unique skills and their own distinct mechanic that functions almost like a turn-by-turn mini-game to ramp up damage potential. For protagonist Gustave, attacking builds up charges to unleash in a massive lightning attack; Lune the mage gets elemental «stains» after casting spells that can be spent to empower later spells; the fencer Maelle switches between stances every time she uses a skill.

Some other aspects are more conventional, with a range of status effects that can be applied to enemies like a damage-over-time burn, a slow or marking the enemy to take higher damage. But players can also, through guns or unspecified magic, shoot enemies to target weak points. Each shot costs AP, the resource used to also power spells and skills, so it takes some restraint not to gleefully fire off volleys.

Which is a lot to keep in mind already, but the Picto system escalates the complexity. Pictos are essentially bonus passive abilities that characters can equip up to three of at a time. After a handful of battles, they can unequip the PIcto and add its ability to their character, provided they have enough ability points to afford it. Juggling this budget is key to the late game and, incidentally, to breaking the combat altogether: Many of these Pictos offer bonus damage or effect if conditions are met, like they attack an enemy that already has a status effect. With scores of these Pictos picked up across the game, players can make builds and synergize between characters to rack up dizzying damage totals.

Mastering the deep combat and deeper Picto system is a joy for the RPG fan who loves diving into granular strategies, making short fights and long boss battles more engaging and interactive than most other JRPGs. It satisfies a crunchy part of the brain that delights in overclocking a system willingly ripe for abuse from the determined player. And it serves as both a distraction from and a harmony with the themes of the game — of companions soaked in a lifetime of death vainly endeavoring to stop it for «those who come after» until, inevitably, they’re cut down too.

Expedition 33’s dance with death and meaning

When I heard that a French game studio was taking on the venerable JRPG genre, I jokingly wondered how many berets, baguettes and mimes would make it in. Plenty, it turns out, as you can fight some surreal, optional and tough mime mini-bosses. Do so and claim ridiculous but chic outfits for the main characters wearing sunglasses, berets and long loaves of bread strapped to their backs like swords.

Expedition 33 embraces this oddness as a complement to its melancholy tone, and it’s all the richer for it. There’s something beyond the stereotypical French organ music and mimes that Sandfall Interactive admirably threw in — a desire to tell a story not just about a different world but how people muddle through its severe and unfair limits to reach some meaningful end anyway. In the absence of JRPG tropes like the plucky, annoying protagonist ticking off Joseph Campbell’s heroic checklist, Expedition 33 is populated with somber realists devoted to each other but expecting loss, all in dedication to a future they believe they won’t see.

Expedition 33 was partly inspired by a 2004 French novel called La Horde du Contrevent («The Horde of Counterwind»), Meurisse said, a cult classic telling the story of successive expeditions of people sent to find the origin of world-warping winds. Similarly, the Paintress ticking down humanity is an unknowable force at the world’s edge, and pushing back against her seems futile.

Over the course of the game, I discovered journals from previous years’ expeditions, each trying a new way to succeed where others failed, some ending humorously or ignobly, others in a grim blaze of glory. But I found their bodies regardless, locked in a final pose, bronzed in a strange process as begets all humans venturing beyond their city — a marker for those who follow, and hopefully, surpass.

The strange landscape beyond Lumière is forever changed by the Fracture, a calamity that happened a century ago before the Paintress started ticking down humanity’s clock. In its wake, islands float in the sky and antediluvian buildings meld into dirt and rock. With the light dappling through the trees or around airborne archipelagos, I frequently stopped to stare at the landscapes, as beautifully alien to me as to the characters of the game. I’ve racked up over a hundred screenshots, mostly of areas where I was struck with awe.

Clair Obscur Expedition 33 Screenshots: Beauty and Wonder in a World of Death

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In chatting with Meurisse, I asked him what was uniquely French about the game, and he listed the clothes and architecture inspired by France’s Belle Epoque era of the late 1800s and Art Deco stylings, which are featured in the gilded gold-and-black walls of the doomed buildings, long abandoned and entombed in the dirt beyond humanity’s reach. But there’s another perspective blended into Expedition 33 that is different and fresh — creating a world where its characters still bask in wonder even when swimming in death.

I did, too.

Expedition 33 will be celebrated for its many excellences, and deservedly so. But above all, it tells an adult story about what’s left for us when the future is ripped away bit by bit — and why it’s worth fighting against the inevitable anyway. You never know what wonder you’ll get to see before the end.

Clair Obscur: Expedition 33 is available now on PC, PS5 and Xbox Series X and S.

Technologies

Gen AI Chatbots Are Starting to Remember You. Should You Let Them?

An AI model’s long memory can offer a better experience — or a worse one. Good thing you can turn it off.

Until recently, generative AI chatbots didn’t have the best memories: You tell it something and, when you come back later, you start again with a blank slate. Not anymore.

OpenAI started testing a stronger memory in ChatGPT last year and rolled out improvements this month. Grok, the flagship tool of Elon Musk’s xAI, also just got a better memory.

It took significant improvements in math and technology to get here but the real-world benefits seem pretty simple: You can get more consistent and personalized results without having to repeat yourself.

«If it’s able to incorporate every chat I’ve had before, it does not need me to provide all that information the next time,» said Shashank Srivastava, assistant professor of computer science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Those longer memories can help with solving some frustrations with chatbots but they also pose some new challenges. As with when you talk to a person, what you said yesterday might influence your interactions today.

Here’s a look at how the bots came to have better memories and what it means for you.

Improving an AI model’s memory

For starters, it isn’t quite a «memory.» Mostly, these tools work by incorporating past conversations alongside your latest query. «In effect, it’s as simple as if you just took all your past conversations and combined them into one large prompt,» said Aditya Grover, assistant professor of computer science at UCLA.

Those large prompts are now possible because the latest AI models have significantly larger «context windows» than their predecessors. The context window is, essentially, how much text a model can consider at once, measured in tokens. A token might be a word or part of a word (OpenAI offers one token as three-quarters of a word as a rule of thumb).

Early large language models had context windows of 4,000 or 8,000 tokens — a few thousand words. A few years ago, if you asked ChatGPT something, it could consider roughly as much text as is in this recent CNET cover story on smart thermostats. Google’s Gemini 2.0 Flash now has a context window of a million tokens. That’s a bit longer than Leo Tolstoy’s epic novel War and Peace. Those improvements are driven by some technical advances in how LLMs work, creating faster ways to generate connections between words, Srivastava said.

Other techniques can also boost a model’s memory and ability to answer a question. One is retrieval-augmented generation, in which the model can run a search or otherwise pull up documents as needed to answer a question, without always keeping all of that information in the context window. Instead of having a massive amount of information available at all times, it just needs to know how to find the right resource, like a researcher perusing a library’s card catalog.

Read more: AI Essentials: 27 Ways to Make Gen AI Work for You, According to Our Experts

Why context matters for a chatbot

The more an LLM knows about you from its past interactions with you, the better suited to your needs its answers will be. That’s the goal of having a chatbot that can remember your old conversations.

For example, if you ask an LLM with no memory of you what the weather is, it’ll probably follow up first by asking where you are. One that can remember past conversations, however, might know that you often ask it for advice about restaurants or other things in San Francisco, for example, and assume that’s your location. «It’s more user-friendly if the system knows more about you,» Grover said.

A chatbot with a longer memory can provide you with more specific answers. If you ask it to suggest a gift for a family member’s birthday and tell it some details about that family member, it won’t need as much context when you ask again next year. «That would mean smoother conversations because you don’t need to repeat yourself,» Srivatsava said.

A long memory, however, can have its downsides.

You can (and maybe should) tell AI to forget

Having a chatbot recommend a gift poses a conundrum that’s all too common in human memories: You told your aunt you liked airplanes when you were 12 years old, and decades later you still get airplane-themed gifts from her. An LLM that remembers things about you could bias itself too much toward something you told it before.

«There’s definitely that possibility that you can lose your control and that this personalization could haunt you,» Srivastava said. «Instead of getting an unbiased, fresh perspective, its judgment might always be colored by previous interactions.»

LLMs typically allow you to tell them to forget certain things or to exclude some conversations from their memory.

You may also deal with things you don’t want an AI model to remember. If you have private or sensitive information you’re communicating with an LLM (and you should think twice about doing so at all), you probably want to turn off the memory function for those interactions.

Read the guidance on the tool you’re using to be sure you know what it’s remembering, how to turn it on and off and how to delete items from its memory.

Grover said this is an area where gen AI developers should be transparent and offer clear commands in the user interface. «I think they need to be providing more controls that are visible to the user, when to turn it on, when to turn it off,» he said. «Give a sense of urgency for the user base so they don’t get locked into defaults that are hard to find.»

How to turn off gen AI memory features

Here’s how to manage memory features in some common gen AI tools.

ChatGPT

OpenAI has a couple types of memory in its models. One is called «reference saved memories» and it stores details that you specifically ask ChatGPT to save, like your name or dietary preferences. Another, «reference chat history,» remembers information from past conversations (but not everything).

To turn off either of these features, you can go to Settings and Personalization and toggle the items off.

You can ask ChatGPT what it remembers about you and ask it to forget something it has remembered. To completely delete this information, you can delete the saved memories in Settings and the chat where you saved that information.

Gemini

Google’s Gemini model can remember things you’ve discussed or summarize past conversations.

To modify or delete these memories, or to turn off the feature entirely, you can go into your Gemini Apps Activity menu.

Grok

Elon Musk’s xAI announced memory features in Grok this month and they’re turned on by default.

You can turn them off under Settings and Data Controls. The specific setting is different between Grok.com, where it’s «Personalize Grok with your conversation history,» and on the Android and iOS apps, where it’s «Personalize with memories.»

Technologies

It’s OK if You Didn’t Preorder a Switch 2

Commentary: As good as the new console looks, it’s also fine to wait.

FOMO for new tech is hard. And new game consoles are exciting. I get it, and I’ve contributed to that coverage excitement too. The Nintendo Switch 2 finally became available to preorder in the US this week, and as expected, it looks sold out for now. That’ll change over time, but it’s unclear when, or how, and it’s equally unclear what the constant tariff fluctuations might do to future game console pricing.

That said, having played on the Switch 2 recently at an event, may I help ease your FOMO somewhat by saying you’re probably OK waiting on it?

I felt this way after my full-day Switch 2 experience, and I’ll reiterate it now: As good as the upgrades the Switch 2 has, and as fun as the new Mario Kart and Donkey Kong games seem to be — and the GameCube gaming library also seems like a blast of retro fun — the Switch 2 is very much an iterative upgrade for now. The very best games on the Switch 2, and its most unique exclusives, are likely still to come.

Nintendo has clearly designed the Switch 2, at least for the moment, to exist as a bridge to the current Switch, with many upcoming games intended to work on the original Switch too. Much more than the debut of the first Switch, the Switch 2 is designed to be a system you could wait to upgrade to. In that sense, it’s following the path of the current gen of Xbox Series X and S and PlayStation 5 consoles.

You can build up your Switch library now and be Switch 2-ready when you eventually upgrade

The Switch 2 plays all the Switch games, which wasn’t the case with the Switch and previous Wii U and 3DS hardware. That means you could skip the Switch 2 now if you needed to, play games on the Switch, and then move your library over whenever. Switch 2 versions of games cost more (ranging from $10 to $20 more), but you can just buy the Switch 2 game upgrades later for a similar price — or play the versions you’ve already got minus the enhanced graphics and game extras.

The Switch 2’s current upgrades are good, but not shockingly good

After playing several of the Switch 2 Edition versions of Switch games for a bit, I noticed better frame rates and graphics resolution, but I honestly didn’t find it to be that much different. I’d prefer playing the enhanced Switch 2 editions, but the experience reminded me a bit of the PS5 Pro versus PS5 versions of games when I first played on the console with Sony last year.

If you have a big TV, you’ll likely appreciate the difference. The bigger Switch 2 screen shows off games in higher-res 1080p with HDR, but you could play on the older Switch and be fine. I’m playing on a Switch OLED again, and after the Switch 2 experience, I don’t have massive I-wish-this-were-a-Switch-2-envy.

I’m sure this will change as games are developed to take better advantage of the amped-up Nvidia-powered Switch 2 GPU, and when more exclusives arrive. It’s similar to how I felt about the Meta Quest 3, which has better graphics than Quest 2 but didn’t feel like an absolute must-get until a year into its release.

You can still play upcoming Nintendo games on OG Switch

While Mario Kart World and Donkey Kong Bananza are Switch 2 exclusives, Metroid Prime 4 Beyond and Pokemon Legends Z-A also play on the Switch. It’s unclear how well these games will play on the Switch versus Switch 2, but you can get a good dose of New Nintendo this year on the older hardware and upgrade the hardware upgrade later. Think of it as a bit of a FOMO buffer.

Looking at Nintendo’s game history, the company often supported its previous consoles for a good couple of years after the new hardware’s release. I’d expect that after 2026 the Switch 2 will start to become the go-to platform for most big game, but I wouldn’t be surprised to see a handful of key Nintendo games still supporting original Switch for another year at least.

There’s no ‘whole new experience’ you’ll miss other than Game Chat, that camera and the mouse

The original Switch was an eye-opener because it was a portable, full game console that could dock with your TV and turn into a shareable console with modular controllers. It was different from anything Nintendo had made before. The Switch 2 is mostly the same proposition, just nicer.

You won’t feel the same regret for missing out on a whole new way to play this time, since it’s a continuation of the same idea. There are two new features you might envy: audio or video Game Chat among friends and the new Joy-Cons working like mice in some supported games. But Game Chat works only with other Switch 2 owners and needs a Switch Online subscription. The mouse functions are fun at times, but could also end up as just a gimmick. For now, the Switch 2 hasn’t pulled that many wild new functions out of its hat, but that could change, knowing Nintendo. There are also some fun camera-connected party game modes for Mario Party Jamboree if you happen to connect a camera, but no other games even have new camera-based features yet.

It’s fine to wait, but tariffs are still a question mark

I’m saying this well before I’ve had a chance to review the Switch 2, and for sure, it looks like the best Nintendo console in a long while and worth upgrading to. But take some comfort that missing out on getting one early this time isn’t quite as big a deal as it was in 2017, even if you’re feeling the pull of regret.

The only wild card remains the question of the effect tariffs will have on future console pricing. Will it fluctuate? I hope not, but the prices of Nintendo’s Switch 2 accessories have already gone up as a result of Trump’s chaotic tariff policies, and it’s unclear if that might happen again. The state of pricing and consumer electronics is still in an unknown zone, but in the meantime, you can still have a lot of fun on the Switch you already have, now and even in the near future.

Technologies

Apple to Shift All US iPhone Assembly to India Amid Tariff Turmoil, Report Says

The manufacturing move aims to address massive US tariffs against China that could spur higher prices on the company’s biggest-selling product.

Apple could be sourcing its entire line of iPhones for the US market — about 60 million devices a year — from assembly facilities in India by the end of 2026, according to a report from the Financial Times.

The planned move comes against the backdrop of the Trump administration imposing tariffs against China of up to 145%, although some products such as mobile phones and computers have been exempted for the time being. Apple has long centered its iPhone production in China, making it vulnerable to any trade war between the two countries and spurring speculation that tariffs could mean price increases for the company’s biggest-selling product.

By moving third-party assembly of US iPhones to India, Apple could avoid the most significant cost pressure of a trade war, though India itself faces new tariffs as well.

The company had already begun shipping iPhones made in India, adding to its product reserves, before new tariffs became active.

A representative for Apple did not immediately respond to a request for comment.